The Quantum Formalization Drive

We show that optimal protocols for noisy channel coding of public or private information over either classical or quantum channels can be directly constructed from two more primitive information-theoretic tools: privacy amplification and information reconciliation, also known as data compression with side information. We do this in the one-shot scenario of…

We prove a theorem on direct relation between the optimal fidelity $f_{max}$ of teleportation and the maximal singlet fraction $F_{max}$ attainable by means of trace-preserving LQCC action (local quantum and classical communication). For a given bipartite state acting on $C^d\otimes C^d$ we have $f_{max}= {F_{max}d+1\over d+1}$. We assume completely general…

Quantum error-correcting codes are constructed that embed a finite-dimensional code space in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of a system described by continuous quantum variables. These codes exploit the noncommutative geometry of phase space to protect against errors that shift the values of the canonical variables q and p. In the setting of quantum…

We study the entanglement of two disjoint intervals in the conformal field theory of the Luttinger liquid (free compactified boson). Trρ_A^n for any integer n is calculated as the four-point function of a particular type of twist fields and the final result is expressed in a compact form in terms of the Riemann-Siegel theta functions. In the…

We provide a constructive algorithm to find the best separable approximation to an arbitrary density matrix of a composite quantum system of finite dimensions. The method leads to a condition of separability and to a measure of entanglement.

We study a class of finite dimensional quantum dynamical semigroups exp(tL) whose generators L are sums of Lindbladians satisfying the detailed balance condition. Such semigroup arise in the weak coupling (van Hove) limit of Hamiltonian dynamical systems describing open quantum systems out of equilibrium. We prove a general entropic fluctuation theorem for…

We provide a unified graphical calculus for all Gaussian pure states, including graph transformation rules for all local and semi-local Gaussian unitary operations, as well as local quadrature measurements. We then use this graphical calculus to analyze continuous-variable (CV) cluster states, the essential resource for one-way quantum computing with CV…

We revisit and prove some convexity inequalities for trace functions conjectured in the earlier part I. The main functional considered is Φ_{p,q}(A_1,A_2,...,A_m) = (trace((\sum_{j=1}^m A_j^p)^{q/p}))^{1/q} for m positive definite operators A_j. In part I we only considered the case q=1 and proved the concavity of Φ_{p,1} for 0 < p \leq 1 and the convexity…

The Conley-Zehnder index associates an integer to any continuous path of symplectic matrices starting from the identity and ending at a matrix which does not admit 1 as an eigenvalue. We give new ways to compute this index. Robbin and Salamon define a generalization of the Conley-Zehnder index for any continuous path of symplectic matrices; this…

Lecture notes of a minicourse given at the Summer School on Large Coulomb Systems - QED in Nordfjordeid, 2003, devoted to representations of the CCR and CAR. Quasifree states, the Araki-Woods and Araki-Wyss representations, and the lattice of von Neumenn algebras in a bosonic/fermionic Fock space are discussed in detail.

The concept of reflection positivity has its origins in the work of Osterwalder--Schrader on constructive quantum field theory and duality between unitary representations of the euclidean motion group and the Poincare group. On the mathematical side this duality can be made precise as follows. If $\g$ is a Lie algebra with an involutive automorphism $τ$.…

Generalising in the sense of Hahn's spin echo, we completely characterise those unitary propagators of effective multi-qubit interactions that can be inverted solely by {\em local} unitary operations on $n$ qubits (spins-$\tfrac{1}{2}$). The subset of $U\in \mathbf{SU}(2^n)$ satisfying $U^{-1}=K_1 U K_2$ with pairs of local unitaries …

The scheme of quantum teleportation, where Bob has multiple (N) output ports and obtains the teleported state by simply selecting one of the N ports, is thoroughly studied. We consider both deterministic version and probabilistic version of the teleportation scheme aiming to teleport an unknown state of a qubit. Moreover, we consider two cases for each…

Nazarov \cite{Nazarov:brauer} introduced an infinite dimensional algebra, which he called the \textit{affine Wenzl algebra}, in his study of the Brauer algebras. In this paper we study certain ``cyclotomic quotients'' of these algebras. We construct the irreducible representations of these algebras in the generic case and use this to show that these…

We formulate a universal characterization of the many-particle quantum entanglement in the ground state of a topologically ordered two-dimensional medium with a mass gap. We consider a disk in the plane, with a smooth boundary of length L, large compared to the correlation length. In the ground state, by tracing out all degrees of freedom in the exterior of…

This paper addresses the problem of designing universal quantum circuits to transform $k$ uses of a $d$-dimensional unitary input-operation into a unitary output-operation in a probabilistic heralded manner. Three classes of protocols are considered, parallel circuits, where the input-operations can be simultaneously, adaptive circuits, where sequential uses of…

The cyclotomic Birman-Wenzl-Murakami algebras are quotients of the affine BMW algebras in which the affine generator satisfies a polynomial relation. We show that the cyclotomic BMW algebras are free modules over any (admissible, integral) ground ring, and that they are isomorphic to cyclotomic versions of the Kauffman tangle algebras

We consider the question of how large a subspace of a given bipartite quantum system can be when the subspace contains only highly entangled states. This is motivated in part by results of Hayden et al., which show that in large d x d--dimensional systems there exist random subspaces of dimension almost d^2, all of whose states have entropy of entanglement…

We consider a quantum state shared between many distant locations, and define a quantum information processing primitive, state merging, that optimally merges the state into one location. As announced in [Horodecki, Oppenheim, Winter, Nature 436, 673 (2005)], the optimal entanglement cost of this task is the conditional entropy if classical communication is…

In this work, various versions of the so-called Omega-Lemma are provided, which ensure differentiability properties of pushforwrds between spaces of C^r-sections (or compactly supported C^r-sections) in vector bundles over finite-dimensional base manifolds whose fibres are (possibly infinite-dimensional) locally convex spaces. Applications are given,…

The Differential-Phase-Shift (DPS) and the Coherent-One-Way (COW) are among the most practical protocols for quantum cryptography, and are therefore the object of fast-paced experimental developments. The assessment of their security is also a challenge for theorists: the existing tools, that allow to prove security against the most general attacks, do not…

We review the quantum version of the linear Boltzmann equation, which describes in a non-perturbative fashion, by means of scattering theory, how the quantum motion of a single test particle is affected by collisions with an ideal background gas. A heuristic derivation of this Lindblad master equation is presented, based on the requirement of…

We present a generalization of quantum Stein's Lemma to the situation in which the alternative hypothesis is formed by a family of states, which can moreover be non-i.i.d.. We consider sets of states which satisfy a few natural properties, the most important being the closedness under permutations of the copies. We then determine the error rate function in…

We take inspiration from the Okounkov-Vershik approach to the representation theory of the symmetric groups to develop a new way of understanding how the Schur-Weyl duality can be used to perform the Quantum Schur Transform. The Quantum Schur Transform is a unitary change of basis transformation between the computational basis of $(\mathbb{C}^d)^{\otimes n}$ a…

We investigate a general class of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols using one-way classical communication. We show that full security can be proven by considering only collective attacks. We derive computable lower and upper bounds on the secret key rate of those QKD protocol involving only entropies of two--qubit density operators. As an…