The span of Theorem E's involution class, span(1, u, ū, v̄² + e v², β v̄³ + ζ v² + e v³) with v = u/s, is Theorem F's cyclic space D2b for the pencil (s X, X² + β s²)
ProvedDiazModulus.laurent_involution_class_space_cyclic_formLet be transcendental, that is, (the algebraic numbers); spans and linear independence are over . Let with , put , and let with . Then there are with , , and , such that are coprime, , , and .
The left side is the space of Theorem E's involution class (Q), which asks in addition , and ; the identity needs none of these, and no dimension hypothesis. So every hull of class (Q) has Theorem F's shape (D2b), with and .
Proof. As , ; and is real, since . So and . Take and , coprime by the Bézout identity , with ; and , . Write , , and . Two exact identities hold: and . With and , each generator of either span is an explicit -combination of the generators of the other, and the two inclusions are checked by field arithmetic. No dimension or independence argument is used, and none of the constraints , of class (Q).
Novelty. Not found in the sources read; routine. An identity of spans that writes Theorem E's involution class (Q) in the coordinates of Theorem F: every hull of class (Q) has shape (D2b), with the pencil , whose ratio is that of the configuration of class (Q). That configuration is in print: the proof of Diaz (2004, Théorème 2), at ; also Diaz (2007, Théorème 4(1)).
import Definitions.Def_DiazModulus
open Complex ComplexConjugate
namespace DiazModulus
open Polynomial in
theorem laurent_involution_class_space_cyclic_form (u s : ℂ) (hu : u ∉ Qbar) (hs : s ∈ Qbar) (hss : s * s = u * conj u)
(e β ζ : ℂ) (he : e ∈ Qbar) (hβ : β ∈ Qbar) (hζ : ζ ∈ Qbar) (hβ0 : β ≠ 0) :
∃ P' Q' S₁ S₂ : (↥Qbar)[X], aeval u P' = s * u ∧ aeval u Q' = u ^ 2 + β * s ^ 2 ∧
aeval u S₁ = s / β + e / s * u ^ 2 ∧ aeval u S₂ = ζ / s * u ^ 2 ∧
IsCoprime P' Q' ∧ max P'.natDegree Q'.natDegree = 2 ∧ S₁.natDegree ≤ 2 ∧ S₂.natDegree ≤ 2 ∧
Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, conj (u / s) ^ 2 + e * (u / s) ^ 2, β * conj (u / s) ^ 3 + ζ * (u / s) ^ 2 + e * (u / s) ^ 3} : Set ℂ) =
Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, u⁻¹, aeval u Q' * aeval u S₁ / (u * aeval u P'),
aeval u Q' * (aeval u Q' * aeval u S₁ + aeval u P' * aeval u S₂) / (u * aeval u P' ^ 2)} : Set ℂ) := by
sorry
end DiazModulus