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Strip coordinates for a punctured disk: a centre from which finitely many interior points lie on distinct rays

Proved
HryniewiczCriterion.exists_strip_center

by Mazecto · Oct 9, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

dynamical-systemsgeometry-topologysymplectic-geometry

Let ZZZ be a finite set of points of the open unit disk D⊂R2\mathbb D\subset\mathbb R^2D⊂R2 and write ∂(s)=(cos⁡2πs,sin⁡2πs)\partial(s)=(\cos2\pi s,\sin2\pi s)∂(s)=(cos2πs,sin2πs) (circlePoint). Then there is a centre c∈Dc\in\mathbb Dc∈D such that, in the "strip coordinates" Ψ(μ,s)=c+μ(∂(s)−c)\Psi(\mu,s)=c+\mu(\partial(s)-c)Ψ(μ,s)=c+μ(∂(s)−c), every z∈Zz\in Zz∈Z has unique coordinates: there are λz∈(0,1)\lambda_z\in(0,1)λz​∈(0,1) and sz∈Rs_z\in\mathbb Rsz​∈R with z=Ψ(λz,sz)z=\Psi(\lambda_z,s_z)z=Ψ(λz​,sz​), and Ψ(μ,s)=z\Psi(\mu,s)=zΨ(μ,s)=z with μ≥0\mu\ge0μ≥0 forces μ=λz\mu=\lambda_zμ=λz​ and s∈sz+Zs\in s_z+\mathbb Zs∈sz​+Z. Moreover distinct points of ZZZ have sz≢sw(mod1)s_z\not\equiv s_w \pmod 1sz​≡sw​(mod1), i.e. they lie on distinct rays from ccc.

Proof. Choose c∈Dc\in\mathbb Dc∈D off the finitely many lines through two points of ZZZ and off ZZZ (a finite union of lines is Lebesgue-null and D\mathbb DD has positive measure). For z∈Zz\in Zz∈Z the ray from ccc through zzz leaves the disk at a unique point ∂(sz)\partial(s_z)∂(sz​), at distance tz>∣z−c∣t_z>|z-c|tz​>∣z−c∣ from ccc (the positive root of ∣c+td∣2=1|c+td|^2=1∣c+td∣2=1); put λz=∣z−c∣/tz\lambda_z=|z-c|/t_zλz​=∣z−c∣/tz​. If Ψ(μ,s)=z\Psi(\mu,s)=zΨ(μ,s)=z then μ>0\mu>0μ>0 (as z≠cz\ne cz=c) and ∂(s)−c\partial(s)-c∂(s)−c is a positive multiple of z−cz-cz−c, so ∂(s)=∂(sz)\partial(s)=\partial(s_z)∂(s)=∂(sz​) and μ=λz\mu=\lambda_zμ=λz​. If sz≡sws_z\equiv s_wsz​≡sw​ then c,z,wc,z,wc,z,w are collinear, which was excluded.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_HryniewiczCriterion_GlobalSection
import Definitions.Def_HryniewiczCriterion_SelfLinking

open HryniewiczCriterion
Formal statement
theorem HryniewiczCriterion.exists_strip_center (Z : Finset Plane) (hZ : ∀ z ∈ Z, z ∈ openUnitDisk) :
    ∃ c : Plane, c ∈ openUnitDisk ∧ ∃ lam sp : Plane → ℝ, ∀ z ∈ Z,
      0 < lam z ∧ lam z < 1 ∧ z = c + lam z • (circlePoint (sp z) - c) ∧
      (∀ μ s : ℝ, 0 ≤ μ → c + μ • (circlePoint s - c) = z → μ = lam z ∧ ∃ n : ℤ, s = sp z + n) ∧
      (∀ w ∈ Z, w ≠ z → ∀ n : ℤ, sp w ≠ sp z + n) := by sorry
Source
Elementary plane geometry (used for the residue formula for the Gauss linking integral)

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