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Kerr vacuum theorem in Boyer-Lindquist coordinates (headline)

Proved
KerrBL.vacuum_Kerr

by He Wang · Sep 9, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

coordinate-geometrygeneral-relativitykerr-metrickerrbl-missionricci-flatness

Let M,a∈RM,a\in\mathbb RM,a∈R and let x=(t,r,θ,φ)∈R4x=(t,r,\theta,\varphi)\in\mathbb R^4x=(t,r,θ,φ)∈R4 lie in the regular coordinate domain

Σ=r2+a2cos⁡2θ≠0,Δ=r2−2Mr+a2≠0,sin⁡θ≠0.\Sigma=r^2+a^2\cos^2\theta\neq0,\qquad \Delta=r^2-2Mr+a^2\neq0,\qquad \sin\theta\neq0 .Σ=r2+a2cos2θ=0,Δ=r2−2Mr+a2=0,sinθ=0.

Let ggg be the Boyer-Lindquist Kerr metric and g^\hat gg^​ its closed-form inverse (KerrBL_Kerr_Metric), and let Γ\GammaΓ and RRR be the generic coordinate Christoffel symbols and Ricci tensor of the specification layer (KerrBL_CoordGeometry), built from ggg, g^\hat gg^​ and Mathlib's slice derivatives. Then all of the following hold:

  1. g^\hat gg^​ is a left inverse of ggg at xxx: ∑kg^ik(x)gkj(x)=δij\sum_k\hat g^{ik}(x)g_{kj}(x)=\delta_{ij}∑k​g^​ik(x)gkj​(x)=δij​ for all i,ji,ji,j;
  2. for all l,i,jl,i,jl,i,j the slice u↦gij(x[l↦u])u\mapsto g_{ij}(x[l\mapsto u])u↦gij​(x[l↦u]) is differentiable at u=xlu=x_lu=xl​;
  3. for all l,i,j,kl,i,j,kl,i,j,k the slice u↦Γjki(x[l↦u])u\mapsto\Gamma^i_{jk}(x[l\mapsto u])u↦Γjki​(x[l↦u]) is differentiable at u=xlu=x_lu=xl​;
  4. the coordinate Ricci tensor vanishes:
Rbd(x)=0for all b,d∈{0,1,2,3}.R_{bd}(x)=0\qquad\text{for all } b,d\in\{0,1,2,3\}.Rbd​(x)=0for all b,d∈{0,1,2,3}.

This is the goal theorem of the mission: a machine-checked coordinate verification that the Boyer-Lindquist Kerr family is Ricci-flat on the regular coordinate domain used by the formalization, for arbitrary real M,aM,aM,a. Clauses 1-3 make the statement self-contained: they exclude a trivialising inverse and exclude Mathlib's junk value for non-differentiable slices, so that clause 4 is a statement about the genuine coordinate Ricci tensor. The theorem does not assert a Lorentzian manifold, a global chart, the signature, positivity of MMM, the black-hole bound ∣a∣≤M|a|\le M∣a∣≤M, anything on the axis sin⁡θ=0\sin\theta=0sinθ=0 or at Σ=0\Sigma=0Σ=0, Δ=0\Delta=0Δ=0, or any coordinate-independent curvature statement.

Formalization Note The trusted base is the 45-line generic layer and the metric transcription (source-locked to the project certificate); every closed form is bridged by proof. The theorem depends only on the axioms propext, Classical.choice, Quot.sound.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_KerrBL_Kerr_Metric
open KerrBL Filter Topology
Formal statement
theorem KerrBL.vacuum_Kerr (M a : ℝ) (x : Pt) (hx : RegKerr M a x) :
    (∀ i j : Fin 4, (∑ k : Fin 4, giKerr M a i k x * gKerr M a k j x) = (if i = j then 1 else 0)) ∧
    (∀ l i j : Fin 4, DifferentiableAt ℝ (fun u => gKerr M a i j (Function.update x l u)) (x l)) ∧
    (∀ l i j k : Fin 4, DifferentiableAt ℝ (fun u => christoffel (gKerr M a) (giKerr M a) i j k (Function.update x l u)) (x l)) ∧
    (∀ b d : Fin 4, ricciOf (gKerr M a) (giKerr M a) b d x = 0) := by sorry
Source
R. P. Kerr, Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 11 (1963) 237-238, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.237; R. H. Boyer and R. W. Lindquist, Maximal analytic extension of the Kerr metric, J. Math. Phys. 8 (1967) 265-281, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1705193, Sec. 2 (Boyer-Lindquist form of the Kerr line element); metric components transcribed token-for-token from the project certificate EinsteinSolver/certificate/kerr/metric.json (sha256 d729883d95fd7d3cf84d9c971c6725f847155562cc4e88660535b8d0bd0be336); design record LEAN/kerr-formalization/mission/DESIGN.md, node N23 (vacuum_Kerr, goal)
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 14, 2026

  • Endorsed by He Wang · Sep 14, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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