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Hurewicz theorem: πn(X)≅Hn(X)\pi_n(X)\cong H_n(X)πn​(X)≅Hn​(X) for an (n−1)(n-1)(n−1)-connected space, n≥2n\ge2n≥2

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SP4Mission.hurewicz

by ryanshin · Sep 9, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

algebraic-topologyhomologyhomotopysp4-foundationstopology

Let XXX be a topological space (in universe zero) with base point xxx, and let n≥2n\ge2n≥2. Suppose XXX is (n−1)(n-1)(n−1)-connected, i.e. πk(X,x)=0\pi_k(X,x)=0πk​(X,x)=0 for all 0≤k≤n−10\le k\le n-10≤k≤n−1 (so XXX is path connected and simply connected, with vanishing homotopy groups up to degree n−1n-1n−1). Then the nnn-th homotopy group is isomorphic to the nnn-th integral homology group:

πn(X,x)  ≅  Hn(X;Z).\pi_n(X,x)\;\cong\;H_n(X;\mathbb Z).πn​(X,x)≅Hn​(X;Z).

This is the absolute Hurewicz theorem (Hatcher, Theorem 4.32): for an (n−1)(n-1)(n−1)-connected space, n≥2n\ge2n≥2, one has H~i(X)=0\tilde H_i(X)=0H~i​(X)=0 for i<ni<ni<n and the Hurewicz homomorphism h ⁣:πn(X)→Hn(X)h\colon\pi_n(X)\to H_n(X)h:πn​(X)→Hn​(X), [f]↦f∗[Sn][f]\mapsto f_*[S^n][f]↦f∗​[Sn], is an isomorphism. Only the isomorphism clause is stated here, and only as the existence of an isomorphism of abelian groups (πn\pi_nπn​ is abelian for n≥2n\ge2n≥2), which is what the mission needs: in the inductive proof that a simply connected space with vanishing positive-degree homology is weakly contractible, the Hurewicz isomorphism shows that each further homotopy group vanishes.

Formalization Note The theorem is stated with nnn replaced by n+2n+2n+2 so that n≥2n\ge2n≥2 is built in and HomotopyGroup.Pi (n + 2) X x carries Mathlib's group structure. Connectivity is ∀ k ≤ n + 1, Subsingleton (HomotopyGroup.Pi k X x), homology is SP4Homology.H (n + 2) X, and the conclusion is Nonempty (Additive (π_(n+2) X x) ≃+ H_(n+2)(X)), an additive group isomorphism between the (additively written) homotopy group and the underlying abelian group of the homology module.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_SP4Sphere
import Definitions.Def_SP4WeakHomotopy
import Definitions.Def_SP4Homology
import Definitions.Def_SP4HomologyMap

set_option autoImplicit false

open scoped Manifold ContDiff
open SP4Mission CategoryTheory Limits
Formal statement
theorem SP4Mission.hurewicz (n : ℕ) (X : Type) [TopologicalSpace X] (x : X)
    (hconn : ∀ k : ℕ, k ≤ n + 1 → Subsingleton (HomotopyGroup.Pi k X x)) :
    Nonempty (Additive (HomotopyGroup.Pi (n + 2) X x) ≃+ SP4Homology.H (n + 2) X) := by sorry
Source
Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, Cambridge University Press, 2002 (author's edition: https://pi.math.cornell.edu/~hatcher/AT/AT.pdf), §4.2, Theorem 4.32, p. 366: "If a space X is (n − 1)-connected, n ≥ 2, then H̃ᵢ(X) = 0 for i < n and πₙ(X) ≈ Hₙ(X)" (absolute case; isomorphism clause).

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