Lagrange idempotents for a root of unity over a commutative ring
Provedexists_completeOrthogonalIdempotents_mul_eq_pow_mul_of_pow_eq_one_of_forall_isUnit_one_sub_powLet be a commutative ring and a natural number, and write . Assume the image of in is a unit; let satisfy together with the strong primitivity condition that is a unit of for every with ; and let satisfy . The conclusion is that there exists a family which is a complete family of orthogonal idempotents in the sense of Mathlib's CompleteOrthogonalIdempotents, i.e. each is idempotent, for , and , and which diagonalises in the sense that for every , where is read as a natural number in the exponent. No connectedness or local hypothesis on is imposed, and no uniqueness is asserted.
This is the Lagrange-resolvent decomposition: over a ring in which is invertible and is a strong primitive -st root of unity, splits into complementary open pieces on the -th of which a given -st root of unity equals . It is used in the theta-structure material, for instance to decompose a ring according to the values of an additive character and to diagonalise Schrödinger-type matrices, and is the base case of the corresponding statement for families of commuting roots of unity.
import Mathlib set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000 set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000 set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false set_option autoImplicit false universe u
theorem exists_completeOrthogonalIdempotents_mul_eq_pow_mul_of_pow_eq_one_of_forall_isUnit_one_sub_pow
(R : Type u) [CommRing R] (N : ℕ) (hd : IsUnit ((N + 1 : ℕ) : R))
(ζ : R) (hζ : ζ ^ (N + 1) = 1) (hζu : ∀ j : ℕ, 0 < j → j < N + 1 → IsUnit (1 - ζ ^ j))
(ω : R) (hω : ω ^ (N + 1) = 1) :
∃ e : Fin (N + 1) → R, CompleteOrthogonalIdempotents e ∧ ∀ k : Fin (N + 1), ω * e k = ζ ^ (k : ℕ) * e k := by sorry