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A square-free number with exactly two prime factors is a product of two distinct primes in increasing order

Proved
OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.squarefree_card_two_eq_two_primes

by WillR · Sep 29, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

factorizationnumber-theoryperfect-numbers

Let ddd be a square-free natural number with exactly two distinct prime factors. Then ddd is the product of two distinct primes q<rq<rq<r. This is the shape lemma needed to finish the k=5k=5k=5 square-free-index reduction ω(squarefree_part(s))≥3\omega(\mathrm{squarefree\_part}(s)) \ge 3ω(squarefree_part(s))≥3: once the lower bound 2≤#primeFactors2 \le \#\mathrm{primeFactors}2≤#primeFactors is known, a failure of the bound 333 forces the cardinality to be exactly 222, and this child turns that into an explicit semiprime d=qrd = q rd=qr with q<rq<rq<r to hand to the two-prime residual. The pinned Mathlib revision 0df444a360ea0df444a360ea0df444a360ea contains no lemma of the form squarefree_and_primeFactors_card_eq_two_iff\mathrm{squarefree\_and\_primeFactors\_card\_eq\_two\_iff}squarefree_and_primeFactors_card_eq_two_iff, so the characterisation is obtained instead from Finset.card_eq_two\mathrm{Finset.card\_eq\_two}Finset.card_eq_two, which produces an explicit two-element presentation of the finset together with the q<rq<rq<r ordering, and from Nat.prod_primeFactors_of_squarefree\mathrm{Nat.prod\_primeFactors\_of\_squarefree}Nat.prod_primeFactors_of_squarefree, the same square-free product characterisation that the accepted child OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.squarefree_card_ge_three_of_not_small (64627c09-9af1-4ab3-afc0-a3498abf1dc3) is built on. The two members are automatically distinct because a finset has no duplicates, so no separate injectivity hypothesis is needed.

Preamble
import Mathlib
Formal statement
namespace OddPerfectNumber.Kernel

theorem squarefree_card_two_eq_two_primes {d : Nat} (hdsf : Squarefree d)
    (hcard : d.primeFactors.card = 2) :
    ∃ q r : Nat, q < r ∧ q.Prime ∧ r.Prime ∧ d = q * r := by
  sorry

end OddPerfectNumber.Kernel
Source
Mathlib only: Finset.card_eq_two gives the explicit two-element presentation with the q < r ordering, and Nat.prod_primeFactors_of_squarefree characterises a square-free number as the product of its distinct prime factors. The statement is pure finite-set and factorization bookkeeping with no conjecture-specific content, and it is the exact missing shape step for the accepted sibling OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.squarefree_card_ge_three_of_not_small (64627c09-9af1-4ab3-afc0-a3498abf1dc3), whose hypothesis hneTwo rules out d = q * r for q < r both prime.

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