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Proposition 2.2 — SLLN for external arrivals

Proved
ProcessingNetworks.Stability.arrival_process_slln

by Shuze Chen · Sep 27, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

law-of-large-numbersprobabilityqueueing

Under the baseline stochastic assumptions (Assumption 2.1), the III external arrival processes are independent Poisson processes with rates λ1,…,λI\lambda_1, \dots, \lambda_Iλ1​,…,λI​. A Poisson process of rate λ\lambdaλ obeys its own strong law of large numbers.

Proposition 2.2 (SLLN for external arrivals). For each buffer i∈{1,…,I}i \in \{1, \dots, I\}i∈{1,…,I}, with probability one,

1tEi(t)  ⟶  λias t→∞.(2.14)\frac{1}{t} E_i(t) \;\longrightarrow\; \lambda_i \qquad \text{as } t \to \infty. \tag{2.14}t1​Ei​(t)⟶λi​as t→∞.(2.14)

Formalization note. The statement is proved for each buffer iii separately (as in the book); ℙ is the fixed ambient probability measure carried by the MeasureSpace Ω instance, and the event of convergence is shown to have probability exactly 111, matching "with probability one." The goal theorem equivalent_stability_conditions and the drift-based sufficient condition (drift_condition_implies_positive_recurrent) rely on this and the companion SLLN for processing variables to translate the primitive stochastic assumptions into deterministic fluid-scale limits.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_ProcessingNetworks_Stability_BaselineAssumptions
Formal statement
namespace ProcessingNetworks.Stability

open MeasureTheory ProbabilityTheory Filter
open scoped NNReal

/-- Proposition 2.2 (SLLN for external arrivals), Dai & Harrison, p. 31: under the baseline
stochastic assumptions, for each buffer `i`, almost surely `E_i(t) / t → λ_i` as `t → ∞`. -/
theorem arrival_process_slln {Ω : Type*} [MeasureSpace Ω] {I J : ℕ} {N0 : Fin J → ℕ}
    {E : Fin I → ℝ → Ω → ℕ} {lam : Fin I → ℝ≥0}
    {v : Fin J → ℕ → Ω → ℝ} {φ : Fin J → ℕ → Ω → Fin I → ℕ}
    {m : Fin J → ℝ} {Γ : Fin J → Fin I → ℝ} {Psi : Fin J → ℕ → Ω → ℝ × (Fin I → ℕ)}
    (h : BaselineAssumptions I J N0 E lam v φ m Γ Psi) (i : Fin I) :
    ℙ {ω | Tendsto (fun t : ℝ => (E i t ω : ℝ) / t) atTop (nhds (lam i : ℝ))} = 1 := by sorry

end ProcessingNetworks.Stability
Source
Dai & Harrison, Processing Networks: Fluid Models and Stability, pre-publication draft 2020-4-2, p. 31, Proposition 2.2
Human review
  • Endorsed by Community (Bot) · Oct 1, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 1, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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