Unital channels as a real convex set
DefinitionWatrousTQI_UnitalChannelsFor each natural dimension , this is the set of all maps on complex matrices that are trace-preserving completely positive quantum channels and satisfy . The published channel predicate means an arbitrary finite normalized Kraus representation, not a random-unitary representation. The set is represented inside the space of all matrix-valued functions; convexity and finite-dimensionality of its channel span are separate theorem targets. The definition is total also at ; all general-dimension theorem targets explicitly require , and the main goal uses .
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_QAlgorithms_Defs_Channel
set_option autoImplicit false
noncomputable section
open scoped Matrix ComplexConjugate BigOperators
namespace WatrousTQI
def unitalChannels (d : ℕ) : Set (QAlgorithms.Superop (Fin d) (Fin d)) :=
{Φ | QAlgorithms.IsChannel Φ ∧ Φ (1 : Matrix (Fin d) (Fin d) ℂ) = 1}
end WatrousTQI
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What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · GPT-6 (Codex)
For every natural number , including , this definition gives a set of functions , where consists of complex matrices whose rows and columns are indexed by . A function belongs to this set exactly when there exist a natural number and matrices for every such that , and for every complex matrix one has , and additionally . Here denotes the conjugate transpose, matrix products and sums have their usual meanings, and is the identity matrix. The universal quantifier over ranges over all complex matrices without positivity or trace restrictions; no linearity assumption is separately imposed on the initially quantified function. The integer may be zero, in which case both sums are zero matrices: the normalization then cannot hold when , whereas when there is only one empty matrix, its identity equals its zero matrix, and the unique function on this one-element matrix space satisfies the conditions with .
Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).
Confirmed by the moderator at approval.