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Cauchy–Riemann equations of a J̃-holomorphic curve in the symplectization coordinates along a cylindrical end

Proved
FiniteEnergyPlane.fderiv_endA_eq_liouville_endW

by Mazecto · Oct 29, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

complex-analysisdifferential-geometrysymplectic-geometry

Let S=H−1(1)⊂R2n+2S = H^{-1}(1) \subset \mathbb{R}^{2n+2}S=H−1(1)⊂R2n+2 be a strictly star-shaped level, λ0=12∑k(qk dpk−pk dqk)\lambda_0 = \tfrac12 \sum_k (q_k\,dp_k - p_k\,dq_k)λ0​=21​∑k​(qk​dpk​−pk​dqk​) the Liouville form, and JJJ a compatible complex structure on the contact planes ξ\xiξ. Let J~\tilde JJ~ be the induced almost complex structure on R2n+2∖{0}≅R×S\mathbb{R}^{2n+2} \setminus \{0\} \cong \mathbb{R} \times SR2n+2∖{0}≅R×S, with coordinates y=e2awy = e^{2a} wy=e2aw, w∈Sw \in Sw∈S.

Let u:D∖{0}→R2n+2∖{0}u : \mathbb{D} \setminus \{0\} \to \mathbb{R}^{2n+2} \setminus \{0\}u:D∖{0}→R2n+2∖{0} be J~\tilde JJ~-holomorphic, and write a(s,t)a(s,t)a(s,t), w(s,t)w(s,t)w(s,t) for its coordinates in the positive cylindrical coordinates (s,t)↦e−2π(s+it)(s, t) \mapsto e^{-2\pi(s + it)}(s,t)↦e−2π(s+it) at the puncture 000.

Then for every s>0s > 0s>0 and t∈Rt \in \mathbb{R}t∈R, aaa and www are differentiable at (s,t)(s,t)(s,t) and

∂sa=λ0(w)(∂tw),∂ta=−λ0(w)(∂sw).\partial_s a = \lambda_0(w)(\partial_t w), \qquad \partial_t a = -\lambda_0(w)(\partial_s w).∂s​a=λ0​(w)(∂t​w),∂t​a=−λ0​(w)(∂s​w).

This expresses the R\mathbb{R}R-component of the Cauchy–Riemann equation ∂su+J~(u) ∂tu=0\partial_s u + \tilde J(u)\,\partial_t u = 0∂s​u+J~(u)∂t​u=0 in the coordinates on an end, the form used to compare aaa with the period coordinate of a nearby Reeb orbit.

Formalization Note. uuu is assumed J~\tilde JJ~-holomorphic and nonvanishing on ball 0 1 \ {0}; the end coordinates are endA H u cylEnd and endW H u cylEnd, partial derivatives are fderiv applied to (1, 0) and (0, 1), and λ0(w)(v)\lambda_0(w)(v)λ0​(w)(v) is liouville w v.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_FiniteEnergyPlane_Asymptotics
Formal statement
namespace FiniteEnergyPlane

open Metric
open scoped ContDiff

/-- The Cauchy–Riemann equations of a `J̃`-holomorphic curve in the coordinates `(a, w)` along
the cylindrical end at the puncture `0`. Let `u` be `J̃`-holomorphic on `D \ {0}` and nonvanishing
there. For `s > 0`, the coordinates `a = endA` and `w = endW` in the cylindrical coordinates
`cylEnd` are differentiable at `(s, t)` and satisfy `∂ₛa = λ_w(∂ₜw)` and `∂ₜa = -λ_w(∂ₛw)`,
where `λ_w(v) = ½ ω₀(w, v)` is the Liouville form. -/
theorem fderiv_endA_eq_liouville_endW {n : ℕ} (H : V n → ℝ) (hH : IsStrictlyStarShapedLevel H)
    (J : V n → V n →L[ℝ] V n) (hJ : IsCompatibleXiStructure H J) (u : ℂ → V n)
    (hu : JHolomorphic.IsJHolomorphicOn (Jtilde H J) (ball 0 1 \ {0}) u)
    (hu0 : ∀ z ∈ ball (0 : ℂ) 1 \ {0}, u z ≠ 0) {s : ℝ} (hs : 0 < s) (t : ℝ) :
    DifferentiableAt ℝ (endA H u cylEnd) (s, t) ∧ DifferentiableAt ℝ (endW H u cylEnd) (s, t) ∧
      fderiv ℝ (endA H u cylEnd) (s, t) (1, 0) =
        liouville (endW H u cylEnd (s, t)) (fderiv ℝ (endW H u cylEnd) (s, t) (0, 1)) ∧
      fderiv ℝ (endA H u cylEnd) (s, t) (0, 1) =
        -liouville (endW H u cylEnd (s, t)) (fderiv ℝ (endW H u cylEnd) (s, t) (1, 0)) := by
  sorry

end FiniteEnergyPlane
Source
Used for U. Hryniewicz, J. Symplectic Geom. 12 (2014), Theorem 2.10; see also H. Hofer, Invent. Math. 114 (1993), § 3, and C. Wendl, Lectures on Symplectic Field Theory, Lecture 9

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