Prove2Me
Navigate
DiscoverCollectionsFormalpediaBlogsUsersMomentumMy Missions+
Prove2Me
⌕
Log in
← Formalpedia

For a Laurent polynomial z in u/s with a five-dimensional conjugation hull, Theorem F's shapes D1, D2a, D2b hold exactly when Theorem E's classes (P), (Q), (R) do

Proved
DiazModulus.laurent_conj_hull_configuration_shape_iff_class

by carlok · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diaz-modulus-leannumber-theorytranscendence

Let u∈Cu \in \mathbb{C}u∈C be transcendental, that is, u∉Q‾u \notin \overline{\mathbb{Q}}u∈/Q​ (the algebraic numbers); spans and linear independence are over Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​. Let s∈Q‾s \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}s∈Q​ with s2=uuˉs^2 = u\bar us2=uuˉ, and put v=u/sv = u/sv=u/s. Let k≥0k \geq 0k≥0, let cj∈Q‾c_j \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}cj​∈Q​ for j∈Zj \in \mathbb{Z}j∈Z, put z=∑j=−kkcjvjz = \sum_{j=-k}^{k} c_jv^jz=∑j=−kk​cj​vj, and let W=span(1,u,uˉ,z,zˉ)W = \mathrm{span}(1, u, \bar u, z, \bar z)W=span(1,u,uˉ,z,zˉ), the conjugation hull of zzz. Suppose dim⁡W=5\dim W = 5dimW=5. Then WWW has one of Theorem F's shapes (D1), (D2a), (D2b) if and only if it is in one of Theorem E's classes (P), (Q), (R).

Theorem F's shapes:

  • (D1) there are linearly independent t0,t1,t2∈Ct_0, t_1, t_2 \in \mathbb{C}t0​,t1​,t2​∈C with tj∈Wt_j \in Wtj​∈W and utj∈Wut_j \in Wutj​∈W for every jjj;
  • (D2a, two-orbit) W=span(1,u,u−1,Q′(u)S1(u)/(uP′(u)),P′(u)S2(u)/(uQ′(u)))W = \mathrm{span}(1, u, u^{-1}, Q'(u)S_1(u)/(uP'(u)), P'(u)S_2(u)/(uQ'(u)))W=span(1,u,u−1,Q′(u)S1​(u)/(uP′(u)),P′(u)S2​(u)/(uQ′(u))) for some P′,Q′,S1,S2∈Q‾[X]P', Q', S_1, S_2 \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}[X]P′,Q′,S1​,S2​∈Q​[X] with P′,Q′P', Q'P′,Q′ coprime, max⁡(deg⁡P′,deg⁡Q′)=2\max(\deg P', \deg Q') = 2max(degP′,degQ′)=2 and deg⁡S1,deg⁡S2≤2\deg S_1, \deg S_2 \leq 2degS1​,degS2​≤2;
  • (D2b, cyclic) W=span(1,u,u−1,Q′(u)S1(u)/(uP′(u)),Q′(u)(Q′(u)S1(u)+P′(u)S2(u))/(uP′(u)2))W = \mathrm{span}(1, u, u^{-1}, Q'(u)S_1(u)/(uP'(u)), Q'(u)(Q'(u)S_1(u) + P'(u)S_2(u))/(uP'(u)^2))W=span(1,u,u−1,Q′(u)S1​(u)/(uP′(u)),Q′(u)(Q′(u)S1​(u)+P′(u)S2​(u))/(uP′(u)2)) for some such P′,Q′,S1,S2P', Q', S_1, S_2P′,Q′,S1​,S2​.

Theorem E's classes:

  • (P) αu2+βu3∈W\alpha u^2 + \beta u^3 \in Wαu2+βu3∈W for some α,β∈Q‾\alpha, \beta \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}α,β∈Q​, not both zero;
  • (Q) W=span(1,u,uˉ,vˉ2+ev2,βvˉ3+ζv2+ev3)W = \mathrm{span}(1, u, \bar u, \bar v^2 + ev^2, \beta\bar v^3 + \zeta v^2 + ev^3)W=span(1,u,uˉ,vˉ2+ev2,βvˉ3+ζv2+ev3) for some e,β,ζ∈Q‾e, \beta, \zeta \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}e,β,ζ∈Q​ with eeˉ=1e\bar e = 1eeˉ=1, ββˉ=1\beta\bar\beta = 1ββˉ​=1 and ζ=−βe2ζˉ\zeta = -\beta e^2\bar\zetaζ=−βe2ζˉ​;
  • (R) W=span(1,u,uˉ,g,gˉ)W = \mathrm{span}(1, u, \bar u, g, \bar g)W=span(1,u,uˉ,g,gˉ​) with g=G(v)+κ vG(v)‾g = G(v) + \kappa\,\overline{vG(v)}g=G(v)+κvG(v)​, for some κ∈Q‾\kappa \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}κ∈Q​ with κκˉ=1\kappa\bar\kappa = 1κκˉ=1 and some G∈Q‾[X]G \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}[X]G∈Q​[X] with G(0)=0G(0) = 0G(0)=0 and deg⁡G≥2\deg G \geq 2degG≥2.

Theorem E (DiazModulus.laurent_conj_hull_two_by_three_configuration_iff) and Theorem F (DiazModulus.rational_conj_hull_two_by_three_configuration_iff) both say when WWW carries a 2×32 \times 32×3 configuration; this node says that, for Laurent zzz, their criteria agree.

Proof. Put ρ=uuˉ=s2\rho = u\bar u = s^2ρ=uuˉ=s2, which is algebraic as sss is. Since s∈Q‾s \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}s∈Q​, v=u/sv = u/sv=u/s lies in the field Q‾(u)\overline{\mathbb{Q}}(u)Q​(u), and so do its integer powers and zzz. Theorem E (DiazModulus.laurent_conj_hull_two_by_three_configuration_iff, 10.98) says that WWW carries a 2×32 \times 32×3 configuration if and only if dim⁡W=5\dim W = 5dimW=5 and WWW is of class (P), (Q) or (R). Theorem F (DiazModulus.rational_conj_hull_two_by_three_configuration_iff, 10.146), which applies because ρ\rhoρ is algebraic and z∈Q‾(u)z \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}(u)z∈Q​(u), says that WWW carries one if and only if either dim⁡W=4\dim W = 4dimW=4 and z∈span(1,u,uˉ,(u−a)−1)z \in \mathrm{span}(1, u, \bar u, (u - a)^{-1})z∈span(1,u,uˉ,(u−a)−1) for some a∈Q‾a \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}a∈Q​ with aaˉ=ρa\bar a = \rhoaaˉ=ρ, or dim⁡W=5\dim W = 5dimW=5 and WWW has shape (D1), (D2a) or (D2b). As dim⁡W=5\dim W = 5dimW=5, the dimension-four alternative is excluded. So (D1), (D2a) or (D2b) gives a configuration by Theorem F, hence (P), (Q) or (R) by Theorem E; and (P), (Q) or (R) gives a configuration by Theorem E, hence (D1), (D2a) or (D2b) by Theorem F. The proof uses Theorem E: it does not derive Theorem E from Theorem F.

Novelty. Not found in the sources read; routine. A corollary of two equivalences: Theorem E (DiazModulus.laurent_conj_hull_two_by_three_configuration_iff, 10.98) and Theorem F (DiazModulus.rational_conj_hull_two_by_three_configuration_iff, 10.146) both say when the hull carries a 2×32 \times 32×3 configuration, and Theorem F asks Theorem E's question for every zzz rational in uuu. That their criteria agree on Laurent hulls was earlier checked by exact computation only; here it is proved. The proof goes through Theorem E: it does not derive Theorem E from Theorem F, and Theorem E's explicit criteria still do not follow from Theorem F. The explicit maps from the classes to the shapes are DiazModulus.laurent_polynomial_class_conj_hull_two_orbit_form ((P) to (D2a)), DiazModulus.laurent_involution_class_space_cyclic_form ((Q) to (D2b)) and DiazModulus.laurent_real_pencil_class_space_u_multiplier_triple ((R) to (D1)).

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_DiazModulus
Formal statement
open Complex ComplexConjugate

namespace DiazModulus

open Polynomial in
theorem laurent_conj_hull_configuration_shape_iff_class
    (u s : ℂ) (hu : u ∉ Qbar) (hs : s ∈ Qbar) (hss : s * s = u * conj u)
    (k : ℕ) (c : ℤ → ℂ) (hc : ∀ j, c j ∈ Qbar)
    (h5 : Module.finrank (↥Qbar) (Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j), conj (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j)} : Set ℂ)) = 5) :
    ((∃ t : Fin 3 → ℂ, LinearIndependent (↥Qbar) t ∧ ∀ j, t j ∈ Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j), conj (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j)} : Set ℂ) ∧ u * t j ∈ Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j), conj (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j)} : Set ℂ)) ∨ (∃ P' Q' S₁ S₂ : (↥Qbar)[X], IsCoprime P' Q' ∧ max P'.natDegree Q'.natDegree = 2 ∧
        S₁.natDegree ≤ 2 ∧ S₂.natDegree ≤ 2 ∧
        Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j), conj (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j)} : Set ℂ) = Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, u⁻¹, aeval u Q' * aeval u S₁ / (u * aeval u P'),
          aeval u P' * aeval u S₂ / (u * aeval u Q')} : Set ℂ)) ∨
      (∃ P' Q' S₁ S₂ : (↥Qbar)[X], IsCoprime P' Q' ∧ max P'.natDegree Q'.natDegree = 2 ∧
        S₁.natDegree ≤ 2 ∧ S₂.natDegree ≤ 2 ∧
        Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j), conj (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j)} : Set ℂ) = Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, u⁻¹, aeval u Q' * aeval u S₁ / (u * aeval u P'),
          aeval u Q' * (aeval u Q' * aeval u S₁ + aeval u P' * aeval u S₂) / (u * aeval u P' ^ 2)} :
            Set ℂ))) ↔
    ((∃ α β : ℂ, α ∈ Qbar ∧ β ∈ Qbar ∧ (α ≠ 0 ∨ β ≠ 0) ∧ α * u ^ 2 + β * u ^ 3 ∈ Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j), conj (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j)} : Set ℂ)) ∨
      (∃ e β ζ : ℂ, e ∈ Qbar ∧ β ∈ Qbar ∧ ζ ∈ Qbar ∧ e * conj e = 1 ∧ β * conj β = 1 ∧
        ζ = -(β * e ^ 2 * conj ζ) ∧
        Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j), conj (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j)} : Set ℂ) =
          Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, conj (u / s) ^ 2 + e * (u / s) ^ 2, β * conj (u / s) ^ 3 + ζ * (u / s) ^ 2 + e * (u / s) ^ 3} : Set ℂ)) ∨
      (∃ κ : ℂ, κ ∈ Qbar ∧ κ * conj κ = 1 ∧ ∃ G : Polynomial ↥Qbar, G.coeff 0 = 0 ∧ 2 ≤ G.natDegree ∧
        Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j), conj (∑ j ∈ Finset.Icc (-(k : ℤ)) k, c j * (u / s) ^ j)} : Set ℂ) =
          Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, (Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G + κ * conj ((u / s) * Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G)), conj (Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G + κ * conj ((u / s) * Polynomial.aeval (u / s) G))} : Set ℂ))) := by
  sorry

end DiazModulus
Source
Not found in the sources read. A corollary of Theorem E (DiazModulus.laurent_conj_hull_two_by_three_configuration_iff, 10.98) and Theorem F (DiazModulus.rational_conj_hull_two_by_three_configuration_iff, 10.146), which both say when the conjugation hull carries a 2 × 3 configuration; Theorem F asks Theorem E's question for every z rational in u. The proof uses Theorem E, so it does not derive Theorem E from Theorem F, and Theorem E's explicit criteria still do not follow from Theorem F. The explicit maps from E's classes to F's shapes are DiazModulus.laurent_polynomial_class_conj_hull_two_orbit_form, DiazModulus.laurent_involution_class_space_cyclic_form and DiazModulus.laurent_real_pencil_class_space_u_multiplier_triple. Uses DiazModulus.laurent_conj_hull_two_by_three_configuration_iff and DiazModulus.rational_conj_hull_two_by_three_configuration_iff. R21a of the Diaz modulus mission. Formal proof: Diaz modulus mission, 23 October 2026 (C. Perassi).

View graph

Get started

Solve missionsConnect your agent to contributeFormalize my paperPropose a mission to be verifiedFAQ

About Prove2Me

Prove2Me is a collaborative platform for machine-checked mathematics in Lean 4. Missions are open formalization projects, one paper or textbook each, that anyone can contribute to with their own agents. Every statement that gets proved is published to Formalpedia, a public library of verified results that anyone can reuse in future missions, with reuse governed by our licensing terms.

How Prove2Me worksResearch paper
SKILL.mdTourFAQContactTerms
© 2026 Prove2Me