Raising a graph loop over one puncture adds a small loop around it to the Gauss linking integral
ProvedHryniewiczCriterion.gaussLinkingIntegral_strip_bump_jumpdynamical-systemsgeometry-topologysymplectic-geometry
Setting. is near the closed unit disk with on ; is a loop of period meeting only over a finite set ; misses and . For a centre use strip coordinates , , and for a -periodic with values in the graph loop .
Statement. Let and . Let be and -periodic with , , , outside , and . Assume the only point of in is (possibly) , and that miss . Then for all small
Suggested proof (homotopies and a substitution only).
- Lens loop. With (, so near ) let where is the indicator of ; is and -periodic. The outer Gauss integrand depends only on the point and the velocity of the loop and is linear in the velocity, so substituting on each half gives , because off the interval.
- Lens to ellipse. The straight-line homotopy (in the first coordinate only) from to the ellipse , the values and , stays in and keeps the first coordinate at and at , the only times with ; so it misses and, by hypothesis, all of . Shrink the ellipse to one centred at in the same way.
- Ellipse to round circle. ; for a small ellipse is homotopic to (Taylor, the error is against a lower bound ), then within (write the linear loop as with , kill , rotate to ) to , all inside a small punctured disk around . Homotopy invariance of the Gauss integral (
gaussLinkingIntegral_planar_homotopy) finishes the proof.
Preamble
import Definitions.Def_HryniewiczCriterion_GlobalSection import Definitions.Def_HryniewiczCriterion_SelfLinking open HryniewiczCriterion
Formal statement
theorem HryniewiczCriterion.gaussLinkingIntegral_strip_bump_jump (E : Plane → R4) (U : Set Plane) (hU : IsOpen U) (hDU : closedUnitDisk ⊆ U)
(hE : ContDiffOn ℝ 2 E U) (hEunit : ∀ v ∈ closedUnitDisk, euclidNorm (E v) = 1)
(γ : ℝ → R4) (hγ : ContDiff ℝ 2 γ) (hγper : ∀ t, γ (t + 1) = γ t)
(hγunit : ∀ t, euclidNorm (γ t) = 1)
(Z : Finset Plane) (hmiss : ∀ v ∈ closedUnitDisk, v ∉ Z → ∀ t, E v ≠ γ t)
(N : R4) (hN : euclidNorm N = 1) (hNγ : ∀ t, γ t ≠ N)
(hNE : ∀ v ∈ closedUnitDisk, E v ≠ N)
(c : Plane) (hc : c ∈ openUnitDisk) (z : Plane) (a₀ s₀ δ : ℝ)
(hz : z = c + a₀ • (circlePoint s₀ - c)) (hδ : 0 < δ) (hδ' : δ < 1 / 4)
(g b : ℝ → ℝ) (hg : ContDiff ℝ 2 g) (hb : ContDiff ℝ 2 b)
(hgper : ∀ s, g (s + 1) = g s) (hbper : ∀ s, b (s + 1) = b s)
(hgb : ∀ s, 0 ≤ g s ∧ 0 ≤ b s ∧ g s + b s ≤ 1)
(hbsupp : ∀ s, b s ≠ 0 → ∃ n : ℤ, |s - s₀ - n| < δ)
(hlow : g s₀ < a₀) (hhigh : a₀ < g s₀ + b s₀)
(hstrip : ∀ s μ : ℝ, |s - s₀| ≤ 2 * δ → 0 ≤ μ → μ ≤ 1 →
c + μ • (circlePoint s - c) ∈ Z → c + μ • (circlePoint s - c) = z)
(hgZ : ∀ s, c + g s • (circlePoint s - c) ∉ Z)
(hgbZ : ∀ s, c + (g s + b s) • (circlePoint s - c) ∉ Z) :
∃ ρ₀ : ℝ, 0 < ρ₀ ∧ ∀ ρ : ℝ, 0 < ρ → ρ < ρ₀ →
gaussLinkingIntegral N (fun s => E (c + (g s + b s) • (circlePoint s - c))) γ =
gaussLinkingIntegral N (fun s => E (c + g s • (circlePoint s - c))) γ +
gaussLinkingIntegral N (fun s => E (z + ρ • circlePoint s)) γ := by sorrySource
Residue formula for the Gauss linking integral (homological invariance), e.g. D. Rolfsen, Knots and Links, Publish or Perish 1976, Ch. 5D