$\mathbb{Z}_p\text{-rk}(\overline{E}) \le \mathbb{Z}\text{-rk}(E)$: the Leopoldt defect is non-negative

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$\mathbb{Z}_p\text{-rk}(\overline{E}) \le \mathbb{Z}\text{-rk}(E)$: the Leopoldt defect is non-negative · Prove2Me