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Rational points of v2+v=u3+u2+uv^2+v=u^3+u^2+uv2+v=u3+u2+u (the order-three diamond quotient of X1(19)X_1(19)X1​(19))

Proved
MazurHuang.diamond_quotient_x_eq_zero

by xuanji · Oct 7, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

elliptic-curvesmazur-full-torsionnumber-theory

Every rational affine point (u,v)(u,v)(u,v) on the elliptic curve

v2+v=u3+u2+uv^2+v=u^3+u^2+uv2+v=u3+u2+u

has u=0u=0u=0; equivalently its only rational points are ∞\infty∞, (0,0)(0,0)(0,0) and (0,−1)(0,-1)(0,−1), so the Mordell–Weil group is Z/3Z\mathbb Z/3\mathbb ZZ/3Z (rank zero).

This curve is the quotient of X1(19)X_1(19)X1​(19) by the order-three subgroup of diamond operators. In Xiang Huang's Lean development it is the only arithmetic input to the exclusion of rational points of order 191919: an explicit algebraic map sends a nondegenerate solution of the order-19 Tate division equation to an affine point with u≠0u\neq 0u=0.

Preamble
import Mathlib

open scoped WeierstrassCurve.Affine
Formal statement
theorem MazurHuang.diamond_quotient_x_eq_zero (u v : ℚ)
    (h : v ^ 2 + v = u ^ 3 + u ^ 2 + u) : u = 0 := by sorry
Source
Xiang Huang, FLT fork, commit 51bbb4f191ad0d3753b87123635c100a638ae580 (Apache-2.0), https://github.com/xiangyazi24/FLT/blob/51bbb4f191ad0d3753b87123635c100a638ae580/FLT/Assumptions/MazurProof/XDelta19RationalPoints.lean (theorem diamond_x_eq_zero); the rank-zero descent is in XDelta19Descent.lean and XDelta19Good*.lean. Mathematical background: Mazur, Modular curves and the Eisenstein ideal (1977); Ogg (1973).

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