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Existence of a Minkowski unit in a Galois number field

Proved
NumberField.Units.exists_minkowskiUnit

by xuanji · Sep 27, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

galoisnumber-theoryunits

Let KKK be a number field which is Galois over Q\mathbb{Q}Q, with Galois group G=Gal(K/Q)G = \mathrm{Gal}(K/\mathbb{Q})G=Gal(K/Q) and ring of integers OK\mathcal{O}_KOK​. Every σ∈G\sigma \in Gσ∈G restricts to a ring automorphism of OK\mathcal{O}_KOK​ and hence acts on the unit group OK×\mathcal{O}_K^\timesOK×​.

Theorem (existence of a Minkowski unit). There is a unit ε∈OK×\varepsilon \in \mathcal{O}_K^\timesε∈OK×​ such that the subgroup generated by its Galois conjugates

⟨σ(ε)  :  σ∈G⟩⊆OK×\langle \sigma(\varepsilon) \;:\; \sigma \in G \rangle \subseteq \mathcal{O}_K^\times⟨σ(ε):σ∈G⟩⊆OK×​

has finite index in OK×\mathcal{O}_K^\timesOK×​.

No hypothesis on the signature of KKK is needed (it may be totally real, CM, or neither). Equivalently, Q⊗ZOK×\mathbb{Q}\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}} \mathcal{O}_K^\timesQ⊗Z​OK×​ is a cyclic Q[G]\mathbb{Q}[G]Q[G]-module, generated by 1⊗ε1\otimes\varepsilon1⊗ε; this is the classical starting point for the Galois-module approach to Leopoldt's conjecture (Ax, Brumer).

In the formal statement, σ(ε)\sigma(\varepsilon)σ(ε) is Units.map (RingOfIntegers.mapRingEquiv σ.toRingEquiv) ε, the image of ε\varepsilonε under the restriction of σ:K≃QK\sigma : K \simeq_{\mathbb{Q}} Kσ:K≃Q​K to OK\mathcal{O}_KOK​, and finite index is Subgroup.FiniteIndex.

Preamble
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.NumberField.Units.Regulator
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.NumberField.InfinitePlace.Ramification
open NumberField
Formal statement
namespace NumberField.Units
theorem exists_minkowskiUnit (K : Type*) [Field K] [NumberField K] [IsGalois ℚ K] :
    ∃ ε : (𝓞 K)ˣ, (Subgroup.closure (Set.range fun σ : K ≃ₐ[ℚ] K =>
      _root_.Units.map (RingOfIntegers.mapRingEquiv σ.toRingEquiv).toMonoidHom ε)).FiniteIndex := by sorry
end NumberField.Units
Source
L. C. Washington, Introduction to Cyclotomic Fields (2nd ed., GTM 83), Lemma 5.27 (existence of a Minkowski unit); see also J. Neukirch, Algebraic Number Theory, Ch. I §7 (Dirichlet unit theorem).

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