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A four-dimensional conjugation hull of any z carries a 2×3 configuration iff z ∈ span(1, u, ū, 1/(u − a)) with aā = |u|²

Proved
DiazModulus.conj_hull_finrank_four_two_by_three_configuration_iff

by carlok · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diaz-modulus-leannumber-theorytranscendence

Let u∈Cu \in \mathbb{C}u∈C be transcendental, that is, u∉Q‾u \notin \overline{\mathbb{Q}}u∈/Q​ (the algebraic numbers); spans and linear independence are over Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​. Suppose uuˉu\bar uuuˉ is algebraic, let z∈Cz \in \mathbb{C}z∈C be arbitrary, and suppose the conjugation hull Wz=span(1,u,uˉ,z,zˉ)W_z = \mathrm{span}(1, u, \bar u, z, \bar z)Wz​=span(1,u,uˉ,z,zˉ) has dimension 444. Then WzW_zWz​ carries a 2×32 \times 32×3 configuration (linearly independent x0,x1∈Cx_0, x_1 \in \mathbb{C}x0​,x1​∈C and linearly independent y0,y1,y2∈Cy_0, y_1, y_2 \in \mathbb{C}y0​,y1​,y2​∈C with every xiyj∈Wzx_iy_j \in W_zxi​yj​∈Wz​) if and only if there is a∈Q‾a \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}a∈Q​ with aaˉ=uuˉa\bar a = u\bar uaaˉ=uuˉ and z∈span(1,u,uˉ,(u−a)−1)z \in \mathrm{span}(1, u, \bar u, (u - a)^{-1})z∈span(1,u,uˉ,(u−a)−1).

When this holds, Wz=span(1,u,uˉ,(u−a)−1)W_z = \mathrm{span}(1, u, \bar u, (u - a)^{-1})Wz​=span(1,u,uˉ,(u−a)−1), with aaa on the circle ∣a∣=∣u∣|a| = |u|∣a∣=∣u∣.

Proof. Put ρ=uuˉ\rho = u\bar uρ=uuˉ, H=span(1,u,uˉ)H = \mathrm{span}(1, u, \bar u)H=span(1,u,uˉ) and V=H+Q‾zV = H + \overline{\mathbb{Q}} zV=H+Q​z. The family 1,u,uˉ1, u, \bar u1,u,uˉ is independent (a relation times uuu is a polynomial of degree at most 222 vanishing at uuu). So z∉Hz \notin Hz∈/H, since otherwise zˉ∈H\bar z \in Hzˉ∈H and Wz⊆HW_z \subseteq HWz​⊆H would have dimension at most 333; and zˉ∈V\bar z \in Vzˉ∈V, since otherwise zˉ,z,1,u,uˉ\bar z, z, 1, u, \bar uzˉ,z,1,u,uˉ would be independent. So Wz=VW_z = VWz​=V, and Theorem B (DiazModulus.circle_point_extension_two_by_three_configuration_iff) applies to VVV. (⇐\Leftarrow⇐) aaˉ=ρ≠0a\bar a = \rho \neq 0aaˉ=ρ=0 gives a≠0a \neq 0a=0, and Theorem B's third alternative puts a configuration in V=WzV = W_zV=Wz​. (⇒\Rightarrow⇒) Theorem B gives z∈H+Q‾wz \in H + \overline{\mathbb{Q}} wz∈H+Q​w with w=u2w = u^2w=u2, uˉ2\bar u^2uˉ2 or (u−a)−1(u - a)^{-1}(u−a)−1, a∈Q‾∖{0}a \in \overline{\mathbb{Q}} \setminus \{0\}a∈Q​∖{0}. By exchange w∈Vw \in Vw∈V, and WzW_zWz​ is conjugation-stable, so wˉ∈Wz=V⊆H+Q‾w\bar w \in W_z = V \subseteq H + \overline{\mathbb{Q}} wwˉ∈Wz​=V⊆H+Q​w. For w=u2w = u^2w=u2 this puts uˉ2=ρ2u−2\bar u^2 = \rho^2u^{-2}uˉ2=ρ2u−2 in H+Q‾u2H + \overline{\mathbb{Q}} u^2H+Q​u2, for w=uˉ2w = \bar u^2w=uˉ2 it puts u2u^2u2 in H+Q‾uˉ2H + \overline{\mathbb{Q}}\bar u^2H+Q​uˉ2; clearing denominators, uuu would be a root of a non-zero polynomial over Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​. For w=(u−a)−1w = (u - a)^{-1}w=(u−a)−1, with b=ρ/aˉb = \rho/\bar ab=ρ/aˉ, (u−b)−1(u - b)^{-1}(u−b)−1 is a combination of 111 and wˉ\bar wwˉ, so it lies in H+Q‾(u−a)−1H + \overline{\mathbb{Q}}(u - a)^{-1}H+Q​(u−a)−1; multiplying out by u(u−a)(u−b)u(u - a)(u - b)u(u−a)(u−b) and evaluating at bbb gives b(b−a)=0b(b - a) = 0b(b−a)=0, so b=ab = ab=a, that is, aaˉ=ρa\bar a = \rhoaaˉ=ρ.

Novelty. Theorem B (DiazModulus.circle_point_extension_two_by_three_configuration_iff, 10.6) plus conjugation-stability; routine. The configuration is printed: rescaled, it is Diaz's Théorème 7(1) (2007) at v=1/(u−a)v = 1/(u - a)v=1/(u−a), and at a candidate the exclusion of 1/(u−a)1/(u - a)1/(u−a) is his Corollaire 5(4).

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_DiazModulus
Formal statement
open Complex ComplexConjugate

namespace DiazModulus

theorem conj_hull_finrank_four_two_by_three_configuration_iff (u z : ℂ) (hu : u ∉ Qbar)
    (hρ : IsAlgebraic ℚ (u * conj u))
    (h4 : Module.finrank (↥Qbar) (Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, z, conj z} : Set ℂ)) = 4) :
    (∃ (x : Fin 2 → ℂ) (y : Fin 3 → ℂ), LinearIndependent (↥Qbar) x ∧ LinearIndependent (↥Qbar) y ∧
        ∀ i j, x i * y j ∈ Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, z, conj z} : Set ℂ)) ↔
    ∃ a ∈ Qbar, a * conj a = u * conj u ∧
      z ∈ Submodule.span Qbar ({1, u, conj u, (u - a)⁻¹} : Set ℂ) := by
  sorry

end DiazModulus
Source
Theorem B (DiazModulus.circle_point_extension_two_by_three_configuration_iff, 10.6) combined with the conjugation-stability of the hull. The configuration is, after rescaling, G. Diaz, Produits et quotients de combinaisons linéaires de logarithmes de nombres algébriques : conjectures et résultats partiels, J. Théor. Nombres Bordeaux 19 (2007), 373–391, Théorème 7(1) at v = 1/(u − a); at a candidate the exclusion is its Corollaire 5(4). Uses DiazModulus.circle_point_extension_two_by_three_configuration_iff. R20 of the Diaz modulus mission. Formal proof: Diaz modulus mission, 23 October 2026 (C. Perassi).

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