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Every panmagic square is magic

Proved
MagicSquares.panmagic_is_magic

by Yuxuan Xu · Sep 16, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

combinatoricsmagic-squares

A panmagic (pandiagonal) square is in particular a magic square.

By definition IsPanMagic M s requires every row and every column to sum to sss (the semi-magic condition) and, in addition, every broken diagonal in both directions to sum to sss. The two main diagonals are the broken diagonals of offset 000, so both main diagonal sums equal sss, which is exactly the extra content of IsMagic M s over IsSemiMagic M s.

Formalization Note brokenDiagSum M k is ∑iMi, i+k\sum_i M_{i,\, i+k}∑i​Mi,i+k​ with the column index read modulo nnn, so brokenDiagSum M 0 = diagSum M. For the anti-diagonal one uses brokenAntiDiagSum M 0, i.e. ∑iMi, n−1−i\sum_i M_{i,\, n-1-i}∑i​Mi,n−1−i​, which is antiDiagSum M. Only n≠0n \neq 0n=0 is needed so that Fin n carries the additive structure used to speak of offsets.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_MagicSquares
open MagicSquares
Formal statement
namespace MagicSquares

theorem panmagic_is_magic {n : ℕ} [NeZero n]
    (M : Square n ℕ) (s : ℕ) (hP : IsPanMagic M s) :
    IsMagic M s := by sorry

end MagicSquares
Source
Beck, Cohen, Cuomo & Gribelyuk, The number of ``magic'' squares, cubes and hypercubes, Amer. Math. Monthly 110 (2003), 707--717; arXiv:math/0201013v3., Section 1 (definitions of PnP_nPn​ versus MnM_nMn​).

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