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A periodic orbit that bounds a disk-like global surface of section links every other periodic orbit non-trivially

Proved
HryniewiczCriterion.linksNontrivially_of_isDiskLikeGlobalSectionMap

by Mazecto · Oct 8, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

dynamical-systemsgeometry-topologysymplectic-geometry

Let S=H−1(1)S=H^{-1}(1)S=H−1(1) be a strictly star-shaped level, and let P=(xP,TP)P=(x_P,T_P)P=(xP​,TP​) be a periodic orbit (not necessarily prime) that bounds a disk-like global surface of section D=e(D‾)D=e(\overline{\mathbb D})D=e(D) with ∂D=e(S1)=xP(R)\partial D=e(S^1)=x_P(\mathbb{R})∂D=e(S1)=xP​(R). Let Q=(xQ,TQ)Q=(x_Q,T_Q)Q=(xQ​,TQ​) be any periodic orbit on SSS with xQ(R)≠xP(R)x_Q(\mathbb{R})\neq x_P(\mathbb{R})xQ​(R)=xP​(R). Then the loops s↦xP(TPs)/∣xP(TPs)∣s\mapsto x_P(T_Ps)/|x_P(T_Ps)|s↦xP​(TP​s)/∣xP​(TP​s)∣ and s↦xQ(TQs)/∣xQ(TQs)∣s\mapsto x_Q(T_Qs)/|x_Q(T_Qs)|s↦xQ​(TQ​s)/∣xQ​(TQ​s)∣ in S3S^3S3 have a linking number nnn in the Gauss-integral sense of IsLinkingNumber, and n≠0n\neq0n=0.

Proof idea. By uniqueness of trajectories the two images are disjoint. So QQQ misses ∂D\partial D∂D, and Q∩DQ\cap DQ∩D is a compact subset of the interior. There XHX_HXH​ is transverse to DDD, so the intersections are isolated and finite in number. Since D∖∂DD\setminus\partial DD∖∂D is connected and XHX_HXH​ never lies in its tangent plane, XHX_HXH​ crosses DDD from the same side at every point, so all intersections have the same sign. The global-section property forces at least one intersection. The linking number equals the algebraic intersection number of the loop QQQ (traversed over [0,TQ][0,T_Q][0,TQ​]) with the Seifert surface DDD of PPP, which is therefore ±#(Q∩D)≠0\pm\#(Q\cap D)\neq0±#(Q∩D)=0, counted with the multiplicity of the covers.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_HryniewiczCriterion_ConleyZehnder
import Definitions.Def_HryniewiczCriterion_GlobalSection
import Definitions.Def_HryniewiczCriterion_SelfLinking

open HryniewiczCriterion
Formal statement
theorem HryniewiczCriterion.linksNontrivially_of_isDiskLikeGlobalSectionMap (H : R4 → ℝ) (hS : IsStrictlyStarShapedLevel H) (P Q : PeriodicOrbit H)
    (e : Plane → R4) (he : IsDiskLikeGlobalSectionMap H P e) (hQ : Q.image ≠ P.image) :
    LinksNontrivially P Q := by sorry
Source
Standard (linking number = algebraic intersection number with a Seifert surface; Rolfsen, Knots and Links, 1976, Ch. 5D); used in U. Hryniewicz, Systems of global surfaces of section for dynamically convex Reeb flows on the 3-sphere, J. Symplectic Geom. 12 (2014) 791-862, arXiv:1105.2077, proof of Lemma 3.12 (p. 26) and Definition 1.2.

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