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In an apartment the circle satisfies the harmonic oscillator equation

Disproved
HarmonicBuilding.circleApartmentODE

by Shuze Chen · Aug 28, 2026 · Mathlib c5ea003 (Lean v4.30.0)

elliptic-pdeeuclidean-buildingsharmonic-mapshomogeneous-maps

Let MMM be a conical Euclidean building of dimension NNN and h:C→Mh:\mathbb C\to Mh:C→M a nonconstant homogeneous harmonic map of order α\alphaα about 000. Then there is a δ>0\delta>0δ>0 such that around every θ0\theta_0θ0​ the image of the unit circle lies in one apartment, where it is a solution of the harmonic oscillator equation: there are an isometric chart ι:RN→M\iota:\mathbb R^N\to Mι:RN→M with ι(0)=h(0)\iota(0)=h(0)ι(0)=h(0) and a twice differentiable curve g:R→RNg:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R^Ng:R→RN with

g′′=−α2 g,h(eiθ)=ι(g(θ))  for ∣θ−θ0∣<δ.g''=-\alpha^2\,g,\qquad h(e^{i\theta})=\iota\bigl(g(\theta)\bigr)\ \text{ for }|\theta-\theta_0|<\delta .g′′=−α2g,h(eiθ)=ι(g(θ))  for ∣θ−θ0​∣<δ.

Role. This isolates the one genuinely analytic input in the whole study of the circle. Two things go into it and nothing else does. First, regularity: homogeneity together with the regularity theorem for harmonic maps into Euclidean buildings confines the singular set of hhh to the origin, so each point of the circle has a neighbourhood whose image lies in a single apartment, and apartments are isometric copies of RN\mathbb R^NRN. Second, the equation: on such a neighbourhood hhh is a regular harmonic map into a Euclidean space, so in polar coordinates centred at the cone point

0=1r2∂2w∂θ2+1r∂w∂r+∂2w∂r2,0=\frac{1}{r^2}\frac{\partial^2 w}{\partial\theta^2}+\frac1r\frac{\partial w}{\partial r}+\frac{\partial^2 w}{\partial r^2},0=r21​∂θ2∂2w​+r1​∂r∂w​+∂r2∂2w​,

and substituting the homogeneous form w(r,θ)=rαg(θ)w(r,\theta)=r^\alpha g(\theta)w(r,θ)=rαg(θ) leaves precisely g′′+α2g=0g''+\alpha^2g=0g′′+α2g=0.

Everything downstream is then ODE theory and algebra: the solution is cos⁡(αθ)v1+sin⁡(αθ)v2\cos(\alpha\theta)\mathbf v_1+\sin(\alpha\theta)\mathbf v_2cos(αθ)v1​+sin(αθ)v2​, whence the squared distance to the cone point is a first harmonic in 2αθ2\alpha\theta2αθ, and in the constant-distance branch the circle is a Euclidean circle of radius LLL traversed at angular rate α\alphaα.

Formalization Note. The curve ggg is asked for on all of R\mathbb RR rather than only on the window. This is no strengthening: a solution of a linear constant-coefficient equation on an interval is the restriction of a unique solution on the line, given by the same closed formula. Stating it globally avoids carrying an interval through the differentiability hypotheses, and the agreement with hhh is still asserted only on the window, where the geometry actually holds.


Retired 2026-09-07 — disproved, false as formalized. Do not use as a dependency.

The defect is in the shared definition layer, not in the mathematics of Breiner--Dees. IsPlanarKSHarmonicOn (Def_frame_2026_harmonic_building_conical) is defined purely through Lebesgue integrals -- ksEnergy, ksApproxEnergy, IsKSSobolevOn, SameKSTraceOnCircle -- and, unlike the goal-level predicate IsKSHarmonic, it does not require ContinuousOn. An a.e.-constant map therefore qualifies as "harmonic", and altering a map on a Lebesgue-null, dilation-invariant set (a ray) preserves every hypothesis -- IsHomogeneousOfOrderOn and NonconstantOn included, both being pointwise -- while destroying the pointwise conclusion. The same gap admits order alpha = 0 for nonconstant maps, which the source excludes.

A faithful restatement needs Continuous h (or the conclusion attached to the continuous representative) together with 0 < alpha. No corrected replacement node exists yet.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_frame_2026_harmonic_building_conical
Formal statement
namespace HarmonicBuilding

universe v

theorem circleApartmentODE
    {N : ℕ} (C : EuclideanCoxeterData N) (M : ConicalBuildingModel.{v} N C)
    (h : ℂ → M.carrier) (alpha : ℝ)
    (hhom : IsHomogeneousOfOrderOn M Set.univ h 0 alpha)
    (hharm : IsPlanarKSHarmonicOn Set.univ h)
    (hnc : NonconstantOn h Set.univ) :
    ∃ delta : ℝ, 0 < delta ∧ ∀ theta0 : ℝ,
      ∃ (iota : ModelEuclideanSpace N → M.carrier)
        (g g' g'' : ℝ → ModelEuclideanSpace N),
        Isometry iota ∧ iota 0 = h 0 ∧
        (∀ t, HasDerivAt g (g' t) t) ∧
        (∀ t, HasDerivAt g' (g'' t) t) ∧
        (∀ t, g'' t = -(alpha ^ 2) • g t) ∧
        ∀ theta : ℝ, |theta - theta0| < delta →
          h (circlePoint 0 1 theta) = iota (g theta) := by sorry

end HarmonicBuilding
Source
The regularity input Theorem 2.5 and the polar-coordinate computation in the proof of Theorem 3.1 of C. Breiner and B. K. Dees, On the Possible Orders of Harmonic Maps into Euclidean Buildings, Calc. Var. PDE (2026), arXiv:2604.16608.

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