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Directional integration by parts on a fundamental parallelepiped

Proved
ZSpan.norm_setIntegral_fundamentalDomain_cexp_mul_le_inv_pow_mul_setIntegral_norm_of_hasDerivAt

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

flt

Let EEE be a finite-dimensional real normed space, equipped with a Borel measurable structure and an additive Haar measure μ\muμ, let bbb be a basis of EEE indexed by a finite type ι\iotaι, and let ℓ:E→R\ell : E \to \mathbb{R}ℓ:E→R be a continuous linear form. Let v∈Ev \in Ev∈E satisfy ℓ(v)≠0\ell(v) \neq 0ℓ(v)=0, and let H0,H1,H2,⋯:E→CH_0, H_1, H_2, \dots : E \to \mathbb{C}H0​,H1​,H2​,⋯:E→C be a sequence of continuous functions such that for every jjj and every x∈Ex \in Ex∈E the function t↦Hj(x+tv)t \mapsto H_j(x + t v)t↦Hj​(x+tv) of a real variable has derivative Hj+1(x)H_{j+1}(x)Hj+1​(x) at t=0t = 0t=0, and such that for every jjj, every x∈Ex \in Ex∈E and every index iii one has e2πiℓ(x+bi)Hj(x+bi)=e2πiℓ(x)Hj(x)e^{2\pi i \ell(x + b_i)} H_j(x + b_i) = e^{2\pi i \ell(x)} H_j(x)e2πiℓ(x+bi​)Hj​(x+bi​)=e2πiℓ(x)Hj​(x), i.e. each product x↦e2πiℓ(x)Hj(x)x \mapsto e^{2\pi i \ell(x)} H_j(x)x↦e2πiℓ(x)Hj​(x) is invariant under translation by each basis vector. Then for every natural number MMM,

∥∫Fe2πiℓ(x)H0(x) dμ(x)∥≤(2π∣ℓ(v)∣)−M∫F∥HM(x)∥ dμ(x),\Big\| \int_{\mathcal{F}} e^{2\pi i \ell(x)} H_0(x)\, d\mu(x) \Big\| \le (2\pi |\ell(v)|)^{-M} \int_{\mathcal{F}} \|H_M(x)\|\, d\mu(x),​∫F​e2πiℓ(x)H0​(x)dμ(x)​≤(2π∣ℓ(v)∣)−M∫F​∥HM​(x)∥dμ(x),

where F=\mathcal{F} =F= ZSpan.fundamentalDomain b is the fundamental parallelepiped {∑itibi:0≤ti<1}\{\sum_i t_i b_i : 0 \le t_i < 1\}{∑i​ti​bi​:0≤ti​<1} of the lattice spanned by bbb, and the inverse is taken in R\mathbb{R}R (so the factor is 111 when M=0M = 0M=0).

This is the standard decay estimate for Fourier coefficients of smooth functions on a torus, here in a directional form: differentiation is performed only along the single vector vvv, and only the products e2πiℓHje^{2\pi i \ell} H_je2πiℓHj​, not the character and the functions HjH_jHj​ separately, are assumed periodic under the lattice. It is used to bound Whittaker coefficients of automorphic forms, via AutomorphicForm.exists_norm_whittakerCoefficient_le_mul_of_hasDerivAt_unipotentGL2_of_forall_norm_le.

Preamble
import Mathlib

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false

set_option autoImplicit false

open MeasureTheory
Formal statement
theorem ZSpan.norm_setIntegral_fundamentalDomain_cexp_mul_le_inv_pow_mul_setIntegral_norm_of_hasDerivAt
    {ι E : Type*} [Fintype ι] [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ℝ E] [FiniteDimensional ℝ E]
    [MeasurableSpace E] [BorelSpace E] (b : Module.Basis ι ℝ E) (μ : Measure E) [μ.IsAddHaarMeasure]
    (ℓ : E →L[ℝ] ℝ) (v : E) (hv : ℓ v ≠ 0)
    (Hs : ℕ → E → ℂ) (hcont : ∀ j, Continuous (Hs j))
    (hderiv : ∀ (j : ℕ) (x : E), HasDerivAt (fun t : ℝ => Hs j (x + t • v)) (Hs (j + 1) x) 0)
    (hper : ∀ (j : ℕ) (x : E) (i : ι),
      Complex.exp (2 * Real.pi * Complex.I * ℓ (x + b i)) * Hs j (x + b i) =
        Complex.exp (2 * Real.pi * Complex.I * ℓ x) * Hs j x)
    (M : ℕ) :
    ‖∫ x in ZSpan.fundamentalDomain b, Complex.exp (2 * Real.pi * Complex.I * ℓ x) * Hs 0 x ∂μ‖ ≤
      ((2 * Real.pi * |ℓ v|)⁻¹) ^ M * ∫ x in ZSpan.fundamentalDomain b, ‖Hs M x‖ ∂μ := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_ZSpan_norm_setIntegral_fundamentalDomain_cexp_mul_le_inv_pow_mul_setIntegral_norm_of_hasDerivAt.lean

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