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Decoding Fermat-ring residues back into Gaussian-integer blocks

Proved
NLogN.FW.dcL_spec

by xuanji · Oct 13, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

harvey-van-der-hoeven-tminteger-multiplicationturing-machines

Let CCC be a list of NNN canonical residues modulo F=24rP+1F = 2^{4rP}+1F=24rP+1 on stack XD, l≤4rPl \le 4rPl≤4rP, and let the registers hold NNN, 24rP−l2^{4rP-l}24rP−l, 24rP2^{4rP}24rP, FFF, 2P2^P2P, rrr. For W≥2⋅4rP+3W\ge 2\cdot 4rP+3W≥2⋅4rP+3, W≥zsz(N)W\ge\mathrm{zsz}(N)W≥zsz(N), Q≥PQ\ge PQ≥P, Q≥zsz(r)Q \ge \mathrm{zsz}(r)Q≥zsz(r), the program dcL consumes CCC and pushes on KO the (reversed) concatenation of decBlk F P r applied to each scaled residue scl (4rP) l c =c⋅22⋅4rP−l mod F= c\cdot 2^{2\cdot4rP-l} \bmod F=c⋅22⋅4rP−lmodF, within cost dcCost N r P Q W.

Formalization Note. decBlk (unpacking a residue into rrr Gaussian integers with signed PPP-bit digits) is from Def_IntMul_HvdH_MachineRef. The machine layer: IState HS is a state with 646464 stacks of items (Item = integer or mark), an input position and an output; RM programs (straight-line register code RS, loops rep, conditionals, calls of the multiplication procedure through a MulSpec MMM giving its domain and cost) have a functional semantics p.run s, a definedness predicate p.ok M s and a cost p.cost M s; Spec M p s s' c abbreviates p.ok M s ∧ p.run s = s' ∧ p.cost M s ≤ c. ints L / gints U push an integer list / a list of pairs as items (head = top); zsz z is the bit length of ∣z∣|z|∣z∣. MulBnd M m Φ says the multiplication procedure accepts all pairs of integers of bit length ≤m\le m≤m at cost ≤Φ\le Φ≤Φ. Register names (GU, CR, KB, XN, …) are fixed stack indices.

Preamble
-- Harvey–van der Hoeven multitape-TM development (NLogN), generated by skeleton subtraction.

import Definitions.Def_IntMul_HvdH_M_Defs4

set_option autoImplicit false
set_option relaxedAutoImplicit false
set_option maxHeartbeats 1000000

set_option linter.unusedSimpArgs false
set_option linter.unusedVariables false
open NLogN
open NLogN.FW
open IntMul IntMul.HvdH NLogN
Formal statement
theorem NLogN.FW.dcL_spec (M : MulSpec) (P r l N W : ℕ) (hP : 1 ≤ P) (hr1 : 1 ≤ r) (hl : l ≤ 4 * r * P) (s : IState HS)
    (C : List ℤ) (RD LN LS LXN LXF LB LKN LR : List Item) (hCl : C.length = N)
    (hCc : Canon (2 ^ (4 * r * P) + 1) C) (hX : s.G XD = ints C ++ RD)
    (hN : s.G NN = .int (N : ℤ) :: LN) (hS : s.G SH = .int (2 ^ (4 * r * P - l)) :: LS)
    (hXN : s.G NLogN.FW.XN = .int (2 ^ (4 * r * P)) :: LXN)
    (hXF : s.G XF = .int (2 ^ (4 * r * P) + 1) :: LXF)
    (hB : s.G KB = .int (2 ^ P) :: LB) (hKN : s.G KN = .int (2 ^ (4 * r * P)) :: LKN)
    (hR : s.G KR = .int (r : ℤ) :: LR)
    (hW : 2 * (4 * r * P) + 3 ≤ W) (hNW : zsz (N : ℤ) ≤ W) (Q : ℕ) (hPQ : P ≤ Q) (hrQ : zsz (r : ℤ) ≤ Q) :
    Spec M dcL s ((s.upd XD RD).upd KO
      (gints ((C.map (scl (4 * r * P) l)).flatMap (Ref.decBlk (2 ^ (4 * r * P) + 1) P r)).reverse ++
        s.G KO)) (dcCost N r P Q W) := by sorry
Source
D. Harvey, J. van der Hoeven, Integer multiplication in time O(n log n), Ann. of Math. 193 (2021), 563–617 (Theorem 1.1: multitape Turing machine multiplication in O(n log n)). Lemma `NLogN.FW.dcL_spec` of the Lean development NLogN/HFW8.lean (lines 158–230), written for the prove2.me integer-multiplication campaign.

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