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Nondegenerate asymptotic operators with the same Conley–Zehnder index are joined through nondegenerate ones

Proved
CauchyRiemannIndex.joined_of_asymptoticCZIndex_eq

by Mazecto · Oct 16, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

cauchy-riemannconley-zehnder-indexsymplectic-geometry

Let S0,S1:R→R2n×2nS_0,S_1:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R^{2n\times2n}S0​,S1​:R→R2n×2n be continuous 111-periodic loops of symmetric matrices whose asymptotic operators −J0∂t−S0-J_0\partial_t-S_0−J0​∂t​−S0​ and −J0∂t−S1-J_0\partial_t-S_1−J0​∂t​−S1​ are nondegenerate, and suppose

μCZ(−J0∂t−S0)=μCZ(−J0∂t−S1).\mu_{CZ}(-J_0\partial_t-S_0)=\mu_{CZ}(-J_0\partial_t-S_1).μCZ​(−J0​∂t​−S0​)=μCZ​(−J0​∂t​−S1​).

Then there is a continuous family (Sτ)τ∈[0,1](S_\tau)_{\tau\in[0,1]}(Sτ​)τ∈[0,1]​ of continuous 111-periodic loops of symmetric matrices from S0S_0S0​ to S1S_1S1​ such that every −J0∂t−Sτ-J_0\partial_t-S_\tau−J0​∂t​−Sτ​ is nondegenerate.

This is the "if" half of the classification of nondegenerate asymptotic operators by their Conley–Zehnder index (Wendl, Theorem 3.34, trivial bundle): each value of the index is attained on a single path component of the space of nondegenerate asymptotic operators.

Formalization Note. R2n×2n\mathbb R^{2n\times2n}R2n×2n is Mat n (real matrices indexed by Fin n ⊕ Fin n) and J0=(0−IdId0)J_0=\begin{pmatrix}0&-\mathrm{Id}\\ \mathrm{Id}&0\end{pmatrix}J0​=(0Id​−Id0​) is Matrix.J. The family is a continuous map H : C(unitInterval × ℝ, Mat n) (joint continuity in (τ,t)∈[0,1]×R(\tau,t)\in[0,1]\times\mathbb R(τ,t)∈[0,1]×R) with H (0, t) = S₀ t, H (1, t) = S₁ t, and, for every τ\tauτ, IsSymLoop (fun t => H (τ, t)) and IsNondegenerate (fun t => H (τ, t)). Wendl states the theorem for smooth asymptotic operators on a Hermitian bundle with a trivialization; here the bundle is trivial and the loops are continuous.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_CauchyRiemannIndex_Setting
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ContDiff.Basic
Formal statement
namespace CauchyRiemannIndex

open MeasureTheory Matrix Filter Topology
open scoped ENNReal NNReal ContDiff RealInnerProductSpace

/-- Wendl, Theorem 3.34 (p. 62), trivial bundle, other direction: two nondegenerate loops of
symmetric matrices with the same Conley–Zehnder index are joined by a continuous family of
nondegenerate loops of symmetric matrices. -/
theorem joined_of_asymptoticCZIndex_eq (n : ℕ) (S₀ S₁ : ℝ → Mat n) (h₀ : IsSymLoop S₀)
    (h₁ : IsSymLoop S₁) (hn₀ : IsNondegenerate S₀) (hn₁ : IsNondegenerate S₁)
    (h : asymptoticCZIndex S₀ = asymptoticCZIndex S₁) :
    ∃ H : C(unitInterval × ℝ, Mat n), (∀ t, H (0, t) = S₀ t) ∧ (∀ t, H (1, t) = S₁ t) ∧
      ∀ τ, IsSymLoop (fun t => H (τ, t)) ∧ IsNondegenerate (fun t => H (τ, t)) := by
  sorry

end CauchyRiemannIndex
Source
C. Wendl, Lectures on Symplectic Field Theory, arXiv:1612.01009, https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.01009, Lecture 3, §3.4, pp. 61-62 (Definition 3.30, Theorem 3.34), trivial bundle

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