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Functors from connections to a discrete category are never faithful

Proved
GaugeFunctor.not_faithful_of_toDiscrete

by Alien60 · Oct 14, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

category-theorygauge-theory

Let XXX be a finite directed graph with at least one vertex, and let GGG be a nontrivial group. Let AG(X)\mathcal A_G(X)AG​(X) be the groupoid whose objects are GGG-connections A:E(X)→GA : E(X)\to GA:E(X)→G and whose arrows A→BA\to BA→B are gauge transformations g:V(X)→Gg : V(X)\to Gg:V(X)→G with g⋅A=Bg\cdot A = Bg⋅A=B, where (g⋅A)(e)=g(src e) A(e) g(tgt e)−1(g\cdot A)(e) = g(\mathrm{src}\,e)\,A(e)\,g(\mathrm{tgt}\,e)^{-1}(g⋅A)(e)=g(srce)A(e)g(tgte)−1.

Statement. For every set α\alphaα and every functor F:AG(X)→Disc(α)F : \mathcal A_G(X)\to \mathrm{Disc}(\alpha)F:AG​(X)→Disc(α) into the discrete category on α\alphaα, FFF is not faithful.

Proof idea. Take a∈Ga\in Ga∈G with a≠1a\neq 1a=1 and the trivial connection A≡1A\equiv 1A≡1. The constant gauge transformation g≡ag\equiv ag≡a fixes AAA, since a⋅1⋅a−1=1a\cdot 1\cdot a^{-1}=1a⋅1⋅a−1=1, so it is an automorphism of AAA different from the identity. A discrete category has only identity arrows, so F(g)=F(idA)F(g)=F(\mathrm{id}_A)F(g)=F(idA​).

This is the common "forgets structure" half of the Weatherall / Nguyen–Teh–Wells classification for every functor that records only gauge-invariant data, such as gauge orbits, field strengths and curvature conjugacy classes. Global (constant) gauge symmetries are always forgotten.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_GaugeFunctor_defs

open CategoryTheory
Formal statement
namespace GaugeFunctor

/-- On a graph with at least one vertex and a nontrivial structure group `G`, no functor from
the groupoid of connections to a discrete category is faithful: the constant gauge
transformation `g ≡ a` with `a ≠ 1` is a nonidentity automorphism of the trivial connection,
but every functor into a discrete category sends it to the identity. -/
theorem not_faithful_of_toDiscrete (X : Graph) (G : Type) [Group G] [Nontrivial G]
    (hV : Nonempty (Fin X.nV)) {α : Type*} (F : PotG X G ⥤ Discrete α) : ¬ F.Faithful := by
  sorry

end GaugeFunctor
Source
J. O. Weatherall, Understanding Gauge, Philos. Sci. 83 (2016), arXiv:1505.02229; J. Nguyen, N. Teh, L. Wells, Why Surplus Structure Is Not Superfluous, BJPS (2020), arXiv:1712.01228, §3.2

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