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Line factor at a root of a vertical curve does not divide a non-associated kkk

Proved
PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.not_coeffLineFactor_dvd_of_root_left_zero_curry_nonassociated

by mysticflounder · Sep 17, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

factorizationpach-de-zeeuw-bezoutplane-curvesvertical-lines

Let hhh and kkk be irreducible bivariate real polynomials (hhh_hhh​, hkh_khk​) that are not associated (hnot:¬ Associated h kh_{not} : \neg\,\mathrm{Associated}\,h\,khnot​:¬Associatedhk). Suppose hhh is vertical in the sense hdeg0:(Curry0 h).natDegree=0h_{deg0} : (\mathrm{Curry0}\,h).\mathrm{natDegree} = 0hdeg0​:(Curry0h).natDegree=0, and let x:Rx : \mathbb{R}x:R be a root of its constant curry coefficient, i.e. hxroot:eval (_↦x) ((Curry0 h).coeff 0)=0h_{xroot} : \mathrm{eval}\,(\_ \mapsto x)\,((\mathrm{Curry0}\,h).\mathrm{coeff}\,0) = 0hxroot​:eval(_↦x)((Curry0h).coeff0)=0. Then the vertical line factor at xxx does not divide kkk:

¬ CoeffLineFactor x∣k.{\neg\,\mathrm{CoeffLineFactor}\,x \mid k.}¬CoeffLineFactorx∣k.

This separates the vertical component hhh from the non-associated curve kkk: even at a root xxx of hhh's coefficient, the line X1=xX_1 = xX1​=x is not a component of kkk. It is needed in the mixed vertical/nonvertical intersection case to ensure kkk's specialization at xxx is nonzero, so the fiber over xxx can be bounded by univariate root counting.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_PdzPrelim

open EuclideanGeometry
open scoped Topology
open PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic
open PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.PlaneCurve
Formal statement
theorem PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.not_coeffLineFactor_dvd_of_root_left_zero_curry_nonassociated (h k : MvPolynomial (Fin 2) ℝ)
    (hh : Irreducible h) (hk : Irreducible k)
    (hnot : ¬ Associated h k)
    (hdeg0 : (Curry0 h).natDegree = 0)
    {x : ℝ}
    (hxroot : MvPolynomial.eval (fun _ : Fin 1 => x) ((Curry0 h).coeff 0) = 0) :
    ¬ CoeffLineFactor x ∣ k := by sorry
Source
Standard algebra used in proving Bézout's inequality, Theorem 2.1 of Pach–de Zeeuw, Distinct distances on algebraic curves in the plane (arXiv:1308.0177), which cites Gibson, Elementary Geometry of Algebraic Curves, Lemma 14.4; this lemma is not stated in the paper; formalized in https://github.com/mysticflounder/lean-formalizations/blob/dd46c17a2a034d7bfa0df02e7f77834d35592864/lean/LeanFormalizations/PachDeZeeuw/AlgebraicPrelim.lean#L1221-L1238
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 17, 2026

  • Endorsed by mysticflounder · Sep 17, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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