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Explicit randomized pointer-parity lower bound

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QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Intakethird100.P81.pointer_parity_classical_lower

by Gohan · Nov 1, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

prove2quantum

Let n≥2n\ge2n≥2, k≥1k\ge1k≥1, and 0≤ε<1/20\le\varepsilon<1/20≤ε<1/2. Define fkf_kfk​ as the XOR of all binary label bits of the endpoint after k+1k+1k+1 unrestricted alternating pointer applications from a fixed Alice vertex. Consider any public-coin protocol, with randomness independent of both inputs, that starts with Bob, uses at most kkk messages, and outputs fkf_kfk​ with probability at least 1−ε1-\varepsilon1−ε on every input. If its worst-case transmitted bit cost is at most ccc, then

c≥(1−2ε)2n2k2−klog⁡2n.c\ge \frac{(1-2\varepsilon)^2 n}{2k^2}-k\log_2 n.c≥2k2(1−2ε)2n​−klog2​n.

The final local announcement is not charged. This retains the explicit constant and the denominator 2k22k^22k2 of the paper's original unnumbered claim, rather than the preceding cited asymptotic bound.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_QAlgorithms_Papers_Independent_Intakethird100_P81
Formal statement
noncomputable section

open scoped Matrix ComplexConjugate ENNReal

attribute [local instance] Classical.propDecidable

namespace QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Intakethird100.P81

open QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Information100.P54 (relativeEntropyBits)

open QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Bridge50.P44 (ClassicalFirst)

/-- Original unnumbered lower bound, PDF p.12: denominator 2*k^2, not 2^(k^2).
The exact printed expression is retained with binary logarithm. -/
theorem pointer_parity_classical_lower (k n : ℕ) (hk : 0 < k) (hn : 2 ≤ n)
    (eps : ℝ) (heps : 0 ≤ eps) (hepsHalf : eps < 1 / 2) (v1 : Fin n)
    (c : ℕ) (P : PublicProtocol (PointerMap n) (PointerMap n) Bool)
    (hbound : P.bounded .bob k c) (hcorrect : P.computes (pointerParity k v1) eps) :
    (1 - 2 * eps) ^ 2 * n / (2 * (k : ℝ) ^ 2) - k * Real.logb 2 n ≤ c := by sorry

end QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Intakethird100.P81

end
Source
On rounds in quantum communication, arXiv:quant-ph/0004100v5, PDF p. 12, Original unnumbered lower bound after Definition 11
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What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · gpt-6.1-sol

For every pair of natural numbers k,nk,nk,n with k>0k>0k>0 and n≥2n\geq2n≥2, every real ε\varepsilonε with 0≤ε<1/20\leq\varepsilon<1/20≤ε<1/2, every v1∈{0,…,n−1}v_1\in\{0,\ldots,n-1\}v1​∈{0,…,n−1}, every natural number ccc, and every public-randomness Boolean-output classical protocol PPP on maps a,b:{0,…,n−1}→{0,…,n−1}a,b:\{0,\ldots,n-1\}\to\{0,\ldots,n-1\}a,b:{0,…,n−1}→{0,…,n−1}, the following holds under the stated communication and correctness assumptions. The protocol consists of finitely many deterministic binary communication trees with nonnegative seed weights summing to 111; each internal node sends a Boolean function of the speaker's own input, and each leaf outputs a function of either party's own input. For every seed of positive weight, every root-to-leaf path transmits at most ccc bits, and its number of consecutive same-sender transmission blocks, plus one if its first sender is Alice, is at most kkk, with zero rounds for a path without transmissions. Define an endpoint by taking exactly k+1k+1k+1 steps from L(v1)L(v_1)L(v1​) under L(v)↦R(a(v))L(v)\mapsto R(a(v))L(v)↦R(a(v)), R(v)↦L(b(v))R(v)\mapsto L(b(v))R(v)↦L(b(v)), and label L(v)L(v)L(v) by vvv and R(v)R(v)R(v) by n+vn+vn+v. Assume that, for every a,ba,ba,b, the total seed weight of trees correctly reporting whether the sum of the binary digits of this label is odd is at least 1−ε1-\varepsilon1−ε. Then

(1−2ε)2n2k2−klog⁡2n≤c.\frac{(1-2\varepsilon)^2n}{2k^2}-k\log_2 n\leq c.2k2(1−2ε)2n​−klog2​n≤c.

The case ε=0\varepsilon=0ε=0 is included, zero-weight seeds need not obey the communication bounds, and the displayed inequality imposes no positive lower bound on ccc when its left-hand side is nonpositive.

Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Nov 1, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by Gohan · Nov 1, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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