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For u ≠ 0 with uū algebraic and numbers w₁, …, w_m with (u, w) algebraically independent over Q̄, no rank-one 2×3 configuration has its products in Q̄ + Q̄u + Q̄ū + ΣQ̄w_j

Proved
DiazModulus.generic_circle_point_no_two_by_three_configuration

by carlok · Oct 4, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diaz-modulus-leannumber-theorytranscendence

Let u≠0u \neq 0u=0 with uuˉu\bar uuuˉ algebraic, and let w1,…,wmw_1, \dots, w_mw1​,…,wm​ be complex numbers such that u,w1,…,wmu, w_1, \dots, w_mu,w1​,…,wm​ are algebraically independent over Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​. Put E=Q‾+Q‾u+Q‾uˉ+∑jQ‾wjE = \overline{\mathbb{Q}} + \overline{\mathbb{Q}}u + \overline{\mathbb{Q}}\bar u + \sum_j \overline{\mathbb{Q}}w_jE=Q​+Q​u+Q​uˉ+∑j​Q​wj​. Then there are no x1,x2x_1, x_2x1​,x2​, linearly independent over Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​, and y1,y2,y3y_1, y_2, y_3y1​,y2​,y3​, linearly independent over Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​, with all six products xiyjx_i y_jxi​yj​ in EEE.

For a candidate uuu and logarithms wjw_jwj​, this says that the strong six exponentials theorem, and any theorem whose hypothesis is a rank-one 2×32\times 32×3 configuration, cannot refute the candidate on generic data, whatever logarithms are added. The case m=1m = 1m=1, w1=iπw_1 = i\piw1​=iπ is DiazModulus.generic_no_strong_six_exp_configuration; the case m=0m = 0m=0 is a dimension count of Roy. A 2×22 \times 22×2 configuration does exist: x=(1,u)x = (1, u)x=(1,u), y=(1,uˉ)y = (1, \bar u)y=(1,uˉ). The exponential of uuu plays no role, so the statement keeps its content if Diaz's conjecture holds; it applies to any point of a circle of algebraic radius, such as eie^{i}ei.

Proof. Multiply by uuu: the six products uxiyju x_i y_juxi​yj​ lie in uEuEuE. Since uˉ=ρ/u\bar u = \rho/uuˉ=ρ/u with ρ\rhoρ algebraic, every element of uEuEuE is the value at (u,w)(u, w)(u,w) of a polynomial over Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​ of total degree at most two that becomes constant when the first variable X0X_0X0​ is set to 000. Evaluation at (u,w)(u, w)(u,w) is injective by algebraic independence, so the configuration comes from a rank-one 2×32 \times 32×3 matrix of such polynomials. In the polynomial ring it factors as (h,g)⊗(c0,c1,c2)(h, g) \otimes (c_0, c_1, c_2)(h,g)⊗(c0​,c1​,c2​) with both factors free. Total degrees add, and setting X0=0X_0 = 0X0​=0 is a ring map. If hhh and ggg both vanish at X0=0X_0 = 0X0​=0, they are scalar multiples of X0X_0X0​ unless every cjc_jcj​ is constant. Otherwise every cjc_jcj​ becomes constant at X0=0X_0 = 0X0​=0, and the cjc_jcj​ lie in Q‾+Q‾X0\overline{\mathbb{Q}} + \overline{\mathbb{Q}}X_0Q​+Q​X0​ unless hhh and ggg are constant. Each case puts two free vectors in a line or three in a plane, which is impossible.

Novelty. The case m=0m = 0m=0 is Roy's (1995, Th. 3.4; DALAG, Lemma 12.16 and Exercise 12.10), and Roy (1995, §3.2) and Fischler (2001, p. 186) explain why rank methods cannot reach Diaz's conjecture. The statement with any number of auxiliary numbers was not found in the sources read.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_DiazModulus
Formal statement
open Complex ComplexConjugate

namespace DiazModulus

theorem generic_circle_point_no_two_by_three_configuration (m : ℕ) (u : ℂ) (hu : u ≠ 0)
    (hρ : IsAlgebraic ℚ (u * conj u)) (w : Fin m → ℂ)
    (hgen : AlgebraicIndependent (↥Qbar) (Fin.cons u w : Fin (m + 1) → ℂ))
    (x : Fin 2 → ℂ) (y : Fin 3 → ℂ) (hx : LinearIndependent (↥Qbar) x)
    (hy : LinearIndependent (↥Qbar) y) :
    ¬ ∀ i j, x i * y j ∈ Submodule.span Qbar (({1, u, conj u} : Set ℂ) ∪ Set.range w) := by
  sorry

end DiazModulus
Source
Generalises the case m = 0 (D. Roy, Points whose coordinates are logarithms of algebraic numbers on algebraic varieties, Acta Math. 175 (1995), 49–73, Th. 3.4; M. Waldschmidt, Diophantine Approximation on Linear Algebraic Groups, Grundlehren 326, Springer, 2000, Lemma 12.16 and Ex. 12.10) and DiazModulus.generic_no_strong_six_exp_configuration (m = 1, w = iπ). Related barriers: D. Roy, Points whose coordinates are logarithms of algebraic numbers on algebraic varieties, Acta Math. 175 (1995), 49–73, §3.2; S. Fischler, Orbits under algebraic groups and logarithms of algebraic numbers, Acta Arith. 100 (2001), 167–187, p. 186. The general statement was not found in the sources read. Formal proof: Diaz modulus mission, 4 October 2026 (C. Perassi).

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