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Vacuum certificate: Schwarzschild in standard coordinates, all real MMM

Proved
ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild.Std.cert

by He Wang · Oct 13, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

coordinate-geometryexact-vacuum-atlasgeneral-relativityricci-flatnessschwarzschild-metricvacuum-certificate

Let MMM be an arbitrary real number. Consider gMstdg^{\rm std}_MgMstd​, the standard Schwarzschild metric gMstdg^{\rm std}_MgMstd​ (bundle Atlas_Schwarzschild_Defs, coordinates (t,r,θ,φ)(t,r,\theta,\varphi)(t,r,θ,φ)): gtt=−(1−2M/r)g_{tt}=-(1-2M/r)gtt​=−(1−2M/r), grr=1/(1−2M/r)g_{rr}=1/(1-2M/r)grr​=1/(1−2M/r), gθθ=r2g_{\theta\theta}=r^2gθθ​=r2, gφφ=r2sin⁡2θg_{\varphi\varphi}=r^2\sin^2\thetagφφ​=r2sin2θ, other entries 000, with candidate inverse g^tt=−1/(1−2M/r)\hat g^{tt}=-1/(1-2M/r)g^​tt=−1/(1−2M/r), g^rr=1−2M/r\hat g^{rr}=1-2M/rg^​rr=1−2M/r, g^θθ=1/r2\hat g^{\theta\theta}=1/r^2g^​θθ=1/r2, g^φφ=1/(r2sin⁡2θ)\hat g^{\varphi\varphi}=1/(r^2\sin^2\theta)g^​φφ=1/(r2sin2θ), on UMstd={x: r>0, r≠2M, 0<θ<π}U^{\rm std}_M=\{x:\ r>0,\ r\neq2M,\ 0<\theta<\pi\}UMstd​={x: r>0, r=2M, 0<θ<π} (t,φt,\varphit,φ arbitrary; for M>0M>0M>0 this has an exterior and an interior component). Then

VacuumCertificate(gMstd, g^Mstd, UMstd).\mathrm{VacuumCertificate}\big(g^{\rm std}_M,\ \hat g^{\rm std}_M,\ U^{\rm std}_M\big).VacuumCertificate(gMstd​, g^​Mstd​, UMstd​).

VacuumCertificate(g,g^,U)\mathrm{VacuumCertificate}(g,\hat g,U)VacuumCertificate(g,g^​,U) (bundle Atlas_Core_Certificate) is the conjunction of eight obligations: UUU is open and nonempty; gij(x)=gji(x)g_{ij}(x)=g_{ji}(x)gij​(x)=gji​(x) for x∈Ux\in Ux∈U; g^(x) g(x)=I4\hat g(x)\,g(x)=I_4g^​(x)g(x)=I4​ for every x∈Ux\in Ux∈U; every component of ggg and of g^\hat gg^​ is C∞C^\inftyC∞ on UUU; at every x∈Ux\in Ux∈U there is an invertible matrix EEE with ETg(x)E=diag(−1,1,1,1)E^{\mathsf T}g(x)E=\mathrm{diag}(-1,1,1,1)ETg(x)E=diag(−1,1,1,1) (Lorentzian signature); and all sixteen components Rbd(x)R_{bd}(x)Rbd​(x), b,d∈{0,1,2,3}b,d\in\{0,1,2,3\}b,d∈{0,1,2,3}, of the coordinate Ricci tensor built from ggg and g^\hat gg^​ vanish for x∈Ux\in Ux∈U.

Row 3 of the atlas. Ricci-flatness is reused from the published Boyer–Lindquist result KerrBL.ricci_flat_Kerr at a=0a=0a=0 through proved componentwise equalities of the metric data on the open domain and locality of the coordinate Ricci tensor; the remaining certificate obligations (domain, symmetry, inverse, smoothness, frame) are supplied separately. No sign of MMM is assumed.

Formalization Note Everything is coordinate-level on R4\mathbb R^4R4 (points are functions {0,1,2,3}→R\{0,1,2,3\}\to\mathbb R{0,1,2,3}→R): no manifold, chart gluing, periodicity of φ\varphiφ, horizon, causal or global statement is made. Partial derivatives are Mathlib's deriv of coordinate slices; the certificates' C∞C^\inftyC∞ obligations make every derivative used a genuine derivative. Units G=c=1G=c=1G=c=1, signature (−,+,+,+)(-,+,+,+)(−,+,+,+).

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Core_Basic
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Core_Certificate
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_Defs
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_Domain
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_StdParts
import Definitions.Def_KerrBL_CoordGeometry
import Definitions.Def_KerrBL_Kerr_Metric
open Real
open scoped ContDiff
open ExactVacuumAtlas ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild
open ExactVacuumAtlas
open ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild
open ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild.Std
set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
Formal statement
theorem ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild.Std.cert (M : ℝ) : VacuumCertificate (gStd M) (giStd M) (domStd M) := by sorry
Source
Müller–Grave catalogue eq. schwarzschildSpherical (r_s = 2M, G = c = 1); coordinate Christoffel symbols and Ricci tensor: Müller–Grave catalogue.tex lines 277–281 (eq. ChristoffelSymbols), 287–290 (eq. RiemannTensor), 305–307 (R_{μν}=R^ρ_{μρν}), verified by the independent review 2026-10-13; R. M. Wald, General Relativity (1984) eqs. (3.1.30), (3.4.4)–(3.4.5) author-cited (not reviewer-verified); same formulas as platform definition KerrBL_CoordGeometry (id bbec007a-159a-4623-916d-f1cafab3e353); Lean source: repository ExactVacuumAtlas (private repository, not publicly accessible; GitHub remote pending (no GitHub identity on the build server)), commit 35f26e6a22f5d72380094fa94edc72dea667df53, Atlas/Schwarzschild/StdCert.lean#L64-L78 (module Atlas.Schwarzschild.StdCert, file sha256 af33bb6c24af47532c603f4130fa033f22bfd853620a67c4f6b1b62c7014a1b4; uploaded stub = platform_mirror/Theorems/Thm_ExactVacuumAtlas_Schwarzschild_Std_cert.lean)
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 14, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by He Wang · Oct 14, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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