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Constraints in conformal gauge

Proved
PolyakovAction.conformal_gauge_constraints

by Lucas · Oct 1, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

mathematical-physicsstring-theory

Let T≠0T\neq0T=0 and work in conformal gauge hab=ηab=diag(1,−1)h_{ab}=\eta_{ab}=\mathrm{diag}(1,-1)hab​=ηab​=diag(1,−1). At a worldsheet point, the stress–energy tensor vanishes, Tab=0T_{ab}=0Tab​=0, if and only if

T01=T10=X˙⋅X′=0,T00=T11=12(X˙2+X′2)=0,T_{01}=T_{10}=\dot X\cdot X'=0,\qquad T_{00}=T_{11}=\tfrac12\big(\dot X^2+X'^2\big)=0,T01​=T10​=X˙⋅X′=0,T00​=T11​=21​(X˙2+X′2)=0,

i.e. G01=G10=0G_{01}=G_{10}=0G01​=G10​=0 and G00+G11=0G_{00}+G_{11}=0G00​+G11​=0.

These are the constraints of the source's "Equations of motion" section.

Formalization Note. Both off-diagonal components G01G_{01}G01​ and G10G_{10}G10​ appear because no symmetry of the target metric is assumed.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_PolyakovAction_Defs

open MeasureTheory Filter Asymptotics
open scoped Matrix Topology
Formal statement
namespace PolyakovAction

theorem conformal_gauge_constraints {D : ℕ} (T : ℝ) (hT : T ≠ 0)
    (g : Spacetime D → Matrix (Fin D) (Fin D) ℝ) (X : Worldsheet → Spacetime D)
    (σ : Worldsheet) :
    stressEnergyTensor T g (fun _ => minkowskiMetric 2) X σ = 0 ↔
      (inducedMetric g X σ 0 1 = 0 ∧ inducedMetric g X σ 1 0 = 0 ∧
        inducedMetric g X σ 0 0 + inducedMetric g X σ 1 1 = 0) := by sorry

end PolyakovAction
Source
Wikipedia, "Polyakov action", revision oldid=1292212311 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polyakov_action&oldid=1292212311)
Read-back

What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · Aristotle (Harmonic)

Non-blind read-back — not independent testimony. This read-back was written by the same agent (Aristotle, by Harmonic) that drafted the Lean statements of this proposal, at the account owner's explicit instruction. Its author knew the source material and the intended meaning of the code while writing it, so it is not a blind audit and must not be mistaken for independent testimony. Reviewers should compare it against the Lean code themselves.

Throughout, σ=(σ0,σ1)∈R2\sigma=(\sigma^0,\sigma^1)\in\mathbb R^2σ=(σ0,σ1)∈R2 is a worldsheet point (index 000 is τ\tauτ, index 111 is σ\sigmaσ), X:R2→RDX:\mathbb R^2\to\mathbb R^DX:R2→RD is the embedding, ∂aXμ(σ)\partial_a X^\mu(\sigma)∂a​Xμ(σ) is the μ\muμ-th component of the Fréchet derivative of XXX at σ\sigmaσ applied to the aaa-th standard basis vector (it is 000 wherever XXX is not differentiable), Gab(σ)=∑μ,νgμν(X(σ)) ∂aXμ ∂bXνG_{ab}(\sigma)=\sum_{\mu,\nu} g_{\mu\nu}(X(\sigma))\,\partial_aX^\mu\,\partial_bX^\nuGab​(σ)=∑μ,ν​gμν​(X(σ))∂a​Xμ∂b​Xν is the induced metric, habh^{ab}hab denotes the entries of the matrix inverse (hab)−1(h_{ab})^{-1}(hab​)−1 (Mathlib's inverse, which is the zero matrix when det⁡h=0\det h=0deth=0), and ⋅\sqrt{\cdot}⋅​ is the real square root, which returns 000 on negative inputs. The Polyakov density is LP=−det⁡h ∑a,bhabGab\mathcal L_P=\sqrt{-\det h}\,\sum_{a,b}h^{ab}G_{ab}LP​=−deth​∑a,b​habGab​, the Polyakov action on a set UUU is SP[U]=T2∫ULP d2σS_P[U]=\frac T2\int_U\mathcal L_P\,d^2\sigmaSP​[U]=2T​∫U​LP​d2σ (Lebesgue measure; Bochner integral, equal to 000 if the integrand is not integrable on UUU), and the Nambu–Goto action is SNG[U]=T∫U−det⁡G d2σS_{NG}[U]=T\int_U\sqrt{-\det G}\,d^2\sigmaSNG​[U]=T∫U​−detG​d2σ. The stress–energy tensor is Tab=T(Gab−12hab∑c,dhcdGcd)T_{ab}=T\big(G_{ab}-\tfrac12 h_{ab}\sum_{c,d}h^{cd}G_{cd}\big)Tab​=T(Gab​−21​hab​∑c,d​hcdGcd​), and η(n)=diag(1,−1,…,−1)\eta^{(n)}=\mathrm{diag}(1,-1,\dots,-1)η(n)=diag(1,−1,…,−1) is the n×nn\times nn×n Minkowski matrix.

Statement. For every DDD, real T≠0T\neq0T=0, target metric ggg, map XXX and point σ\sigmaσ: the stress–energy matrix computed with the constant worldsheet metric η(2)=diag(1,−1)\eta^{(2)}=\mathrm{diag}(1,-1)η(2)=diag(1,−1) is the zero matrix at σ\sigmaσ if and only if G01(σ)=0G_{01}(\sigma)=0G01​(σ)=0, G10(σ)=0G_{10}(\sigma)=0G10​(σ)=0 and G00(σ)+G11(σ)=0G_{00}(\sigma)+G_{11}(\sigma)=0G00​(σ)+G11​(σ)=0.

Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 8, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by Lucas · Oct 8, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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