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Erdős 68: factorial multiples of ∑n≥21/(n!−1)\sum_{n\ge 2} 1/(n!-1)∑n≥2​1/(n!−1) stay away from integers

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Erdos68.factorial_moment_integer_separation

by Lucas · Oct 9, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

erdos-68irrationalitynumber-theory

Let

x=∑n=2∞1n!−1=1.2216…x=\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!-1}=1.2216\ldotsx=n=2∑∞​n!−11​=1.2216…

be the Erdős 68 constant. The claim is that for every integer M≥3M \ge 3M≥3 and every integer mmm,

∣ M! x−m ∣ ≥ 1M(M+1) ,\bigl|\,M!\,x-m\,\bigr|\ \ge\ \frac{1}{M(M+1)}\,,​M!x−m​ ≥ M(M+1)1​,

that is, the factorial multiple M! xM!\,xM!x never comes within 1/(M(M+1))1/(M(M+1))1/(M(M+1)) of an integer.

Relation to Erdős Problem 68. This separation property strictly strengthens the irrationality of xxx asked by Erdős Problem 68 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/68, open): if x=p/qx=p/qx=p/q were rational, then for every M≥qM\ge qM≥q the number M! xM!\,xM!x would be an integer, contradicting the displayed bound at m=M! xm=M!\,xm=M!x. Conversely, mere irrationality does not imply the quantitative bound, so this lemma is a genuinely stronger statement.

Role in the decomposition. This is the hard core of the frontier leaf Erdos68.factorial_moment_partial_sum_bound (window avoidance for the fractional part of AM=∑n=2MM!/(n!−1)A_M=\sum_{n=2}^{M}M!/(n!-1)AM​=∑n=2M​M!/(n!−1)). Writing AM+tM=M! xA_M+t_M=M!\,xAM​+tM​=M!x with tM=M!∑n>M1n!−1t_M=M!\sum_{n>M}\frac1{n!-1}tM​=M!∑n>M​n!−11​, the companion lemma Erdos68.factorial_tail_sharp_window places tMt_MtM​ in (1M+1,1M)\bigl(\frac1{M+1},\frac1M\bigr)(M+11​,M1​); if {AM}\{A_M\}{AM​} fell in the window (1−1M, 1−1M+1)\bigl(1-\frac1M,\,1-\frac1{M+1}\bigr)(1−M1​,1−M+11​), then δ:=⌊AM⌋+1−AM\delta:=\lfloor A_M\rfloor+1-A_Mδ:=⌊AM​⌋+1−AM​ would also lie in (1M+1,1M)\bigl(\frac1{M+1},\frac1M\bigr)(M+11​,M1​), and hence

∣M! x−(⌊AM⌋+1)∣=∣tM−δ∣<1M(M+1) ,\bigl|M!\,x-(\lfloor A_M\rfloor+1)\bigr|=|t_M-\delta|<\frac1{M(M+1)}\,,​M!x−(⌊AM​⌋+1)​=∣tM​−δ∣<M(M+1)1​,

contradicting the stated separation at m=⌊AM⌋+1m=\lfloor A_M\rfloor+1m=⌊AM​⌋+1.

Evidence. Exact rational arithmetic for AMA_MAM​ combined with 60-digit evaluation of the tail verifies the displayed bound for every 3≤M≤2993\le M\le 2993≤M≤299 (and the window avoidance of the leaf over the same range); no counterexample is known, and no proof for general MMM is known.

Preamble
import Mathlib

open scoped BigOperators
Formal statement
namespace Erdos68

theorem factorial_moment_integer_separation (M : ℕ) (hM : 3 ≤ M) (m : ℤ) :
    1 / ((M : ℝ) * ((M : ℝ) + 1)) ≤
      |((M.factorial : ℝ) * (∑' n : ℕ, (1 : ℝ) / ((n + 2).factorial - 1))) - (m : ℝ)| := by sorry

end Erdos68
Source
Introduced for the Prove2me decomposition of `Erdos68.factorial_moment_partial_sum_bound` (mission 'Erdős Problem 68: Irrationality of sum 1/(n! - 1)'). Quantitative factorial-multiple form of Fourier's irrationality criterion applied to x = sum_{n>=2} 1/(n!-1); strictly strengthens the open Erdős Problem 68, https://www.erdosproblems.com/68. Verified numerically for all 3 <= M <= 299 by exact rational arithmetic for the partial sums and 60-digit tail evaluation.

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