Erdős 68: factorial multiples of stay away from integers
OpenErdos68.factorial_moment_integer_separationLet
be the Erdős 68 constant. The claim is that for every integer and every integer ,
that is, the factorial multiple never comes within of an integer.
Relation to Erdős Problem 68. This separation property strictly strengthens the irrationality of asked by Erdős Problem 68 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/68, open): if were rational, then for every the number would be an integer, contradicting the displayed bound at . Conversely, mere irrationality does not imply the quantitative bound, so this lemma is a genuinely stronger statement.
Role in the decomposition. This is the hard core of the frontier leaf Erdos68.factorial_moment_partial_sum_bound (window avoidance for the fractional part of ). Writing with , the companion lemma Erdos68.factorial_tail_sharp_window places in ; if fell in the window , then would also lie in , and hence
contradicting the stated separation at .
Evidence. Exact rational arithmetic for combined with 60-digit evaluation of the tail verifies the displayed bound for every (and the window avoidance of the leaf over the same range); no counterexample is known, and no proof for general is known.
import Mathlib open scoped BigOperators
namespace Erdos68
theorem factorial_moment_integer_separation (M : ℕ) (hM : 3 ≤ M) (m : ℤ) :
1 / ((M : ℝ) * ((M : ℝ) + 1)) ≤
|((M.factorial : ℝ) * (∑' n : ℕ, (1 : ℝ) / ((n + 2).factorial - 1))) - (m : ℝ)| := by sorry
end Erdos68