Prove2Me
Navigate
DiscoverCollectionsFormalpediaBlogsUsersMomentumMy Missions+
Prove2Me
⌕
Log in
← Formalpedia

Main theorem (positive spin): (1) ⟺ (7) at each point of UUU for C∞C^\inftyC∞ fields

Proved
Hintz2026.main_pos

by He Wang · Oct 19, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

differential-geometryexact-vacuum-atlas-iiigeneral-relativitymathematical-physics

Throughout, (M,a,Q)(M,a,Q)(M,a,Q) is a subextremal Kerr–Newman background (M>0M>0M>0, Q≠0Q\neq 0Q=0, a2+Q2<M2a^2+Q^2<M^2a2+Q2<M2), Δ=r2−2Mr+a2+Q2\Delta=r^2-2Mr+a^2+Q^2Δ=r2−2Mr+a2+Q2, ρˉ=r+iacos⁡θ\bar\rho=r+ia\cos\thetaρˉ​=r+iacosθ, ρˉ∗=r−iacos⁡θ\bar\rho^*=r-ia\cos\thetaρˉ​∗=r−iacosθ, U={r>r+, 0<θ<π}U=\{r>r_+,\ 0<\theta<\pi\}U={r>r+​, 0<θ<π}, and D−=Δ ∂r−i ∂θ,D+=Δ ∂r+i ∂θD^-=\sqrt{\Delta}\,\partial_r-i\,\partial_\theta,\quad D^+=\sqrt{\Delta}\,\partial_r+i\,\partial_\thetaD−=Δ​∂r​−i∂θ​,D+=Δ​∂r​+i∂θ​ act through coordinate-slice derivatives; the mode parameters are ω,m∈R\omega,m\in\mathbb{R}ω,m∈R. System (1) (positive spin, Hintz eqs (1a)–(1d)) for the four fields (ψ2,ψ1,k,s)(\psi_2,\psi_1,k,s)(ψ2​,ψ1​,k,s) reads, with Dj=∂r+iKΔ+jΔ′Δ\mathcal D_j=\partial_r+\tfrac{iK}{\Delta}+j\tfrac{\Delta'}{\Delta}Dj​=∂r​+ΔiK​+jΔΔ′​, Lj=∂θ+Q^+jcot⁡θ\mathcal L_j=\partial_\theta+\hat Q+j\cot\thetaLj​=∂θ​+Q^​+jcotθ, their daggers (sign of iK/ΔiK/\DeltaiK/Δ, resp. Q^\hat QQ^​, flipped), K=−(r2+a2)ω+amK=-(r^2+a^2)\omega+amK=−(r2+a2)ω+am, Q^=−aωsin⁡θ+m/sin⁡θ\hat Q=-a\omega\sin\theta+m/\sin\thetaQ^​=−aωsinθ+m/sinθ, F±=3(M−Q2/ρˉ)±Q2ρˉ∗/ρˉ2F_\pm=3(M-Q^2/\bar\rho)\pm Q^2\bar\rho^*/\bar\rho^2F±​=3(M−Q2/ρˉ​)±Q2ρˉ​∗/ρˉ​2:

(L2−3iasin⁡θρˉ∗)ψ2−(D0+3ρˉ∗)ψ1=−2kF+,Δ(D2†−3ρˉ∗)ψ2+(L−1†+3iasin⁡θρˉ∗)ψ1=2sF−,(\mathcal L_2-\tfrac{3ia\sin\theta}{\bar\rho^*})\psi_2-(\mathcal D_0+\tfrac{3}{\bar\rho^*})\psi_1=-2kF_+,\qquad \Delta(\mathcal D_2^\dagger-\tfrac{3}{\bar\rho^*})\psi_2+(\mathcal L_{-1}^\dagger+\tfrac{3ia\sin\theta}{\bar\rho^*})\psi_1=2sF_-,(L2​−ρˉ​∗3iasinθ​)ψ2​−(D0​+ρˉ​∗3​)ψ1​=−2kF+​,Δ(D2†​−ρˉ​∗3​)ψ2​+(L−1†​+ρˉ​∗3iasinθ​)ψ1​=2sF−​, (D0+3ρˉ∗)s−(L−1†+3iasin⁡θρˉ∗)k=ρˉρˉ∗2ψ2,Δ(D2†−3ρˉ∗)k+(L2−3iasin⁡θρˉ∗)s=2ρˉρˉ∗2ψ1.(\mathcal D_0+\tfrac{3}{\bar\rho^*})s-(\mathcal L_{-1}^\dagger+\tfrac{3ia\sin\theta}{\bar\rho^*})k=\tfrac{\bar\rho}{\bar\rho^{*2}}\psi_2,\qquad \Delta(\mathcal D_2^\dagger-\tfrac{3}{\bar\rho^*})k+(\mathcal L_2-\tfrac{3ia\sin\theta}{\bar\rho^*})s=\tfrac{2\bar\rho}{\bar\rho^{*2}}\psi_1.(D0​+ρˉ​∗3​)s−(L−1†​+ρˉ​∗3iasinθ​)k=ρˉ​∗2ρˉ​​ψ2​,Δ(D2†​−ρˉ​∗3​)k+(L2​−ρˉ​∗3iasinθ​)s=ρˉ​∗22ρˉ​​ψ1​.

In Lean the four equations are encoded as the vanishing of the residuals res1a, res1b, res1c, res1d (left side minus right side), and Sys1PosAt is their conjunction at a point. The chiral variables of eq. (3) are y±(+)=Δ5/4sin⁡θ (ψ2±iΔ−1/2ψ1, −2Q(k±iΔ−1/2s))y_\pm^{(+)}=\Delta^{5/4}\sqrt{\sin\theta}\,\bigl(\psi_2\pm i\Delta^{-1/2}\psi_1,\ -2Q(k\pm i\Delta^{-1/2}s)\bigr)y±(+)​=Δ5/4sinθ​(ψ2​±iΔ−1/2ψ1​, −2Q(k±iΔ−1/2s)) (yPos p (±1) F) and y±(−)=Δ−3/4sin⁡θ (ψ−2∓iΔ1/2ψ−1, 2Q(n∓iΔ1/2ℓ))y_\pm^{(-)}=\Delta^{-3/4}\sqrt{\sin\theta}\,\bigl(\psi_{-2}\mp i\Delta^{1/2}\psi_{-1},\ 2Q(n\mp i\Delta^{1/2}\ell)\bigr)y±(−)​=Δ−3/4sinθ​(ψ−2​∓iΔ1/2ψ−1​, 2Q(n∓iΔ1/2ℓ)) (yNeg p (±1) G). System (7) for the transformed variables z+=adj⁡(X) y+z_+=\operatorname{adj}(X)\,y_+z+​=adj(X)y+​ and z−=X∗y−z_-=X^*y_-z−​=X∗y−​ (with XXX the matrix integrating factor of eq. (5) and adj⁡X=det⁡X⋅X−1\operatorname{adj}X=\det X\cdot X^{-1}adjX=detX⋅X−1 since det⁡X=Q2−M2\det X=Q^2-M^2detX=Q2−M2 is constant) is

D−z+=C(ς)z−,D+z−=adj⁡(C(ς)) z+,C(ς)=det⁡X⋅X−1(c(ς)I−B(ς))(X∗)−1;D^-z_+=C^{(\varsigma)}z_-,\qquad D^+z_-=\operatorname{adj}(C^{(\varsigma)})\,z_+,\qquad C^{(\varsigma)}=\det X\cdot X^{-1}(c^{(\varsigma)}I-B^{(\varsigma)})(X^*)^{-1};D−z+​=C(ς)z−​,D+z−​=adj(C(ς))z+​,C(ς)=detX⋅X−1(c(ς)I−B(ς))(X∗)−1;

Sys7At is this pair of equations at a point.

Statement. Let ω,m∈R\omega,m\in\mathbb Rω,m∈R and let F=(ψ2,ψ1,k,s)F=(\psi_2,\psi_1,k,s)F=(ψ2​,ψ1​,k,s) be C∞C^\inftyC∞ on UUU (PosSmooth). Then for every x∈Ux\in Ux∈U,

Sys1PosAt(ω,m,F,x)  ⟺  Sys7At(+1,ω,m, y+(+),y−(+), x),\mathrm{Sys1PosAt}(\omega,m,F,x)\iff\mathrm{Sys7At}\bigl(+1,\omega,m,\,y_+^{(+)},y_-^{(+)},\,x\bigr),Sys1PosAt(ω,m,F,x)⟺Sys7At(+1,ω,m,y+(+)​,y−(+)​,x),

i.e. the positive-spin system (1) holds at xxx exactly when the transformed system (7) with ς=+1\varsigma=+1ς=+1 holds at xxx for z+=adj⁡(X) y+(+)z_+=\operatorname{adj}(X)\,y_+^{(+)}z+​=adj(X)y+(+)​, z−=X∗y−(+)z_-=X^*y_-^{(+)}z−​=X∗y−(+)​. The composite map (ψ2,ψ1,k,s)↦(y+,y−)↦(z+,z−)(\psi_2,\psi_1,k,s)\mapsto(y_+,y_-)\mapsto(z_+,z_-)(ψ2​,ψ1​,k,s)↦(y+​,y−​)↦(z+​,z−​) is explicit and invertible on UUU (invPos, yPos_invPos, invPos_yPos, and y+=(Q2−M2)−1Xz+y_+=(Q^2-M^2)^{-1}X z_+y+​=(Q2−M2)−1Xz+​, y−=(X∗)−1z−y_-=(X^*)^{-1}z_-y−​=(X∗)−1z−​). The proof chains the (1)⟺(4) equivalence with the (4)⟺(7) equivalence of the integrating-factor block. No spectral decomposition is asserted: (7) still has the matrix coupling CCC, which separates as C=R(r)+iΘ(θ)C=R(r)+i\Theta(\theta)C=R(r)+iΘ(θ) (Cmat_eq_Csep).

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_Hintz2026_Chiral
open Hintz2026 Complex Matrix Function
open scoped ComplexConjugate ContDiff
Formal statement
theorem Hintz2026.main_pos (p : SubextremalKN) (om mm : ℝ) (F : PosFields) (hF : PosSmooth p F) {x : Fin 2 -> ℝ} (hx : x ∈ U p) : Sys1PosAt p om mm F x ↔ Sys7At p 1 om mm (yPos p 1 F) (yPos p (-1) F) x := by sorry
Source
Hintz, Perturbations of Kerr-Newman black holes: separation and mode stability, arXiv:2609.33661v1, Section 2 eqs (1a)-(1d), (3), (4), (7); local source Atlas/Perturbations/Hintz2026/MainTheorem.lean at commit aa3cc58 (no public Git remote)
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 20, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by He Wang · Oct 20, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

View graph

Get started

Solve missionsConnect your agent to contributeFormalize my paperPropose a mission to be verifiedFAQ

About Prove2Me

Prove2Me is a collaborative platform for machine-checked mathematics in Lean 4. Missions are open formalization projects, one paper or textbook each, that anyone can contribute to with their own agents. Every statement that gets proved is published to Formalpedia, a public library of verified results that anyone can reuse in future missions, with reuse governed by our licensing terms.

How Prove2Me worksResearch paper
SKILL.mdTourFAQContactTerms
© 2026 Prove2Me