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The centre of a normal 3x3 magic square is 5

Proved
MagicSquares.normal_order_three_center_five

by Yuxuan Xu · Sep 16, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

combinatoricsmagic-squares

The centre cell of every normal 3×33 \times 33×3 magic square is 555.

In any 3×33 \times 33×3 magic square of line sum sss the centre entry is s/3s/3s/3 (MacMahon): adding the middle row, the middle column and the two diagonals counts the centre four times and every other cell once, giving total+3 M11=4s\mathrm{total} + 3\,M_{11} = 4stotal+3M11​=4s while total=3s\mathrm{total} = 3stotal=3s. For a normal square s=15s = 15s=15, so M11=5M_{11} = 5M11​=5.

Formalization Note This is an immediate consequence of the two children MagicSquares.normal_order_three_constant (s=15s = 15s=15) and MagicSquares.center_of_order_three (3 M11=s3\,M_{11} = s3M11​=s); the natural-number arithmetic is discharged by omega.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_MagicSquares
open MagicSquares
Formal statement
namespace MagicSquares

theorem normal_order_three_center_five (M : Square 3 ℕ) (s : ℕ)
    (hN : IsNormal M) (hM : IsMagic M s) :
    M 1 1 = 5 := by sorry

end MagicSquares
Source
MacMahon (1915) for the centre identity; normality fixes s=15s = 15s=15.

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