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Proposition 1: positive-coefficient bound and near-unit distillable key

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QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Intakethird100.P09.hiding_resource_key_and_bell

by Gohan · Nov 1, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

prove2quantum

All states are normalized finite-dimensional bipartite density matrices. Gamma denotes transposition of Bob in the fixed product basis. The trace norm is the full trace norm. For a finite Bell expression S with real coefficients, C(S) and Q(S) are its largest signed classical value and its supremal signed quantum value over arbitrary finite local dimensions; Q_S(rho) optimizes complete local POVMs on the fixed state. For every integer m>=2, put d=m^2 and k=m. Let rho_m be the explicit Eq.(A.8) family at q=1/3: its even diagonal blocks are [q(tau_1+tau_2)/2]^tensor m, its off-diagonal even blocks are [q(tau_1-tau_2)/2]^tensor m, and its odd diagonal blocks are [(1/2-q)tau_2]^tensor m, divided by N_m=2q^m+2(1/2-q)^m. Here tau_1=[(rho_a+rho_s)/2]^tensor k and tau_2=rho_s^tensor k, with normalized antisymmetric and symmetric Werner states in dimension d. Specifically, rho_s=(I+F)/(d^2+d) and rho_a=(I-F)/(d^2-d), where F is the swap. Regroup all shields with their owners. These rho_m are densities and PPT, and

KD(ρmΓ⊗ρm)⟶1(m→∞).K_D(\rho_m^\Gamma\otimes\rho_m)\longrightarrow1\quad(m\to\infty).KD​(ρmΓ​⊗ρm​)⟶1(m→∞).

For every nonnegative-coefficient Bell expression, the same family satisfies

QS(ρm⊗ρmΓ)≤C(S)+Q(S)2m−1.Q_S(\rho_m\otimes\rho_m^\Gamma)\le C(S)+\frac{Q(S)}{2^{m-1}}.QS​(ρm​⊗ρmΓ​)≤C(S)+2m−1Q(S)​.

K_D counts bits per copy of the paired resource. The construction is independent of S. The Bell domain is explicitly corrected; this illustrates almost one bit of distillable key with vanishing Bell excess.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_QAlgorithms_Papers_Independent_Intakethird100_P09
Formal statement
noncomputable section

namespace QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Intakethird100.P09

open scoped Matrix ComplexConjugate ComplexOrder ENNReal

open Filter

open QAlgorithms.Entanglement (IsSeparableDensity)

open QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Dependency50.P24
  (transposeSecond partyCut xForm swapPrivate hidingOne hidingTwo)

open QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Dependency50.P42 (dimensionedPower)

open QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Information100.P21 (Op FiniteLOCC)

open QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Information100.P56 (IsLaw)

open QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Advance50.P47 (Box)

open QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Information100.P54 (relativeEntanglement)

attribute [local instance] Classical.propDecidable

attribute [local instance] Classical.decEq

/-- PDF pp.3,7, Proposition 1 and Eq.(A.8), CORRECTED Bell domain s>=0.
One computed PPT family independent of S; paired-resource distillable key tends to ONE bit. -/
theorem hiding_resource_key_and_bell :
    (∀ m : ℕ, 2 ≤ m → IsDensityMatrix (hidingResource m) ∧
      (transposeSecond (hidingResource m)).PosSemidef ∧
      ∀ (S : BellScenario) (s : BellCoefficients S), (∀ x y a b, 0 ≤ s x y a b) →
        stateValue s (paired (hidingResource m) (transposeSecond (hidingResource m))) ≤
          classicalBound s + quantumBound s / (2 : ℝ)^(m-1)) ∧
    Tendsto (fun j : ℕ => QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Gap48.P42.distillableKey
      (asFin (paired (transposeSecond (hidingResource (j+2))) (hidingResource (j+2)))))
      atTop (nhds 1) := by sorry

end QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Intakethird100.P09

end
Source
Bounds on quantum nonlocality via partial transposition, arXiv:1407.6999v3, PDF p. 3, Proposition 1: positive-coefficient bound and near-unit distillable key
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What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · gpt-6.1-sol

Define HmH_mHm​ as follows: with d=m2d=m^2d=m2, let FdF_dFd​ swap the two ddd-dimensional factors, put W±=(I±Fd)/(d2±d)W_\pm=(I\pm F_d)/(d^2\pm d)W±​=(I±Fd​)/(d2±d), T1=((W++W−)/2)⊗mT_1=((W_++W_-)/2)^{\otimes m}T1​=((W+​+W−​)/2)⊗m, and T2=W+⊗mT_2=W_+^{\otimes m}T2​=W+⊗m​, grouping the first coordinates of the tensor factors on one side and the second coordinates on the other. On two parties each indexed by {0,1}×{0,…,d−1}m×m\{0,1\}\times\{0,\ldots,d-1\}^{m\times m}{0,1}×{0,…,d−1}m×m, the key blocks of HmH_mHm​ are cm((T1+T2)/6)⊗mc_m((T_1+T_2)/6)^{\otimes m}cm​((T1​+T2​)/6)⊗m at 00,0000,0000,00 and 11,1111,1111,11, cm((T1−T2)/6)⊗mc_m((T_1-T_2)/6)^{\otimes m}cm​((T1​−T2​)/6)⊗m at 00,1100,1100,11 and 11,0011,0011,00, and cm(T2/6)⊗mc_m(T_2/6)^{\otimes m}cm​(T2​/6)⊗m at 01,0101,0101,01 and 10,1010,1010,10, with all other blocks zero and cm=(2(1/3)m+2(1/6)m)−1c_m=(2(1/3)^m+2(1/6)^m)^{-1}cm​=(2(1/3)m+2(1/6)m)−1; tensor powers here mean products of the corresponding matrix entries with the same grouping by party. For every natural m≥2m\ge2m≥2, HmH_mHm​ is positive semidefinite of trace 111, its second-party transpose HmT2H_m^{T_2}HmT2​​ is positive semidefinite, and, for every finite Bell scenario with positive input and output sizes and every real coefficient family sxyab≥0s_{xyab}\ge0sxyab​≥0,

Vs ⁣(paired⁡(Hm,HmT2))≤Cs+Qs2m−1.V_s\!\left(\operatorname{paired}(H_m,H_m^{T_2})\right) \le C_s+\frac{Q_s}{2^{m-1}}.Vs​(paired(Hm​,HmT2​​))≤Cs​+2m−1Qs​​.

Here paired⁡(α,β)((i,k),(j,l)),((i′,k′),(j′,l′))=α(i,j),(i′,j′)β(k,l),(k′,l′)\operatorname{paired}(\alpha,\beta)_{((i,k),(j,l)),((i',k'),(j',l'))}=\alpha_{(i,j),(i',j')}\beta_{(k,l),(k',l')}paired(α,β)((i,k),(j,l)),((i′,k′),(j′,l′))​=α(i,j),(i′,j′)​β(k,l),(k′,l′)​; VsV_sVs​ is the supremum of the measured expression ∑sxyabRe⁡tr⁡((Ma∣x⊗Nb∣y)ω)\sum s_{xyab}\operatorname{Re}\operatorname{tr}((M_{a|x}\otimes N_{b|y})\omega)∑sxyab​Retr((Ma∣x​⊗Nb∣y​)ω) over local positive semidefinite measurements summing to the identity, Cs=sup⁡f,g∑x,ysxy,f(x),g(y)C_s=\sup_{f,g}\sum_{x,y}s_{xy,f(x),g(y)}Cs​=supf,g​∑x,y​sxy,f(x),g(y)​, and QsQ_sQs​ is its supremum over all positive finite local dimensions, density matrices, and local measurements. In addition, after relabeling each party by a chosen bijection with a finite initial segment of the natural numbers, the extended-nonnegative-real distillable key of paired⁡(Hj+2T2,Hj+2)\operatorname{paired}(H_{j+2}^{T_2},H_{j+2})paired(Hj+2T2​​,Hj+2​) converges to 111 as j→∞j\to\inftyj→∞. For a state ω\omegaω on local dimensions a,ba,ba,b, this distillable key is the supremum of the nonnegative real rates rrr, embedded in [0,∞][0,\infty][0,∞], with the following property: for every ϵ,δ>0\epsilon,\delta>0ϵ,δ>0, all sufficiently large positive nnn admit positive integers d,s,td,s,td,s,t, a density matrix τ\tauτ on Cs⊗Ct\mathbb C^s\otimes\mathbb C^tCs⊗Ct, unitaries U0,…,Ud−1U_0,\ldots,U_{d-1}U0​,…,Ud−1​ on that shield, and a finite LOCC map taking ω⊗n\omega^{\otimes n}ω⊗n to within trace norm ϵ\epsilonϵ of the matrix whose key block ii,jjii,jjii,jj is UiτUj†/dU_i\tau U_j^\dagger/dUi​τUj†​/d and whose other key blocks vanish, with (log⁡2d)/n≥r−δ(\log_2d)/n\ge r-\delta(log2​d)/n≥r−δ. Finite LOCC here consists of the identity and finite recursive Alice or Bob Kraus measurements, each satisfying ∑iEi†Ei=I\sum_iE_i^\dagger E_i=I∑i​Ei†​Ei​=I, followed by a branch-dependent finite LOCC map, with the branch outputs summed. The trace norm is ∥Z∥1=Re⁡tr⁡Z†Z\|Z\|_1=\operatorname{Re}\operatorname{tr}\sqrt{Z^\dagger Z}∥Z∥1​=RetrZ†Z​, and second-party transpose has entries Z(i,j),(k,l)T2=Z(i,l),(k,j)Z^{T_2}_{(i,j),(k,l)}=Z_{(i,l),(k,j)}Z(i,j),(k,l)T2​​=Z(i,l),(k,j)​.

Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Nov 1, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by Gohan · Nov 1, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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