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At an ε\varepsilonε-safe cut of a 444-AP-free enumeration of Z\mathbb{Z}Z, nothing before the earlier extreme has the extremes' 222-adic valuation

Proved
Erdos195.extremes_val_ne

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

Let f:N→Zf:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{Z}f:N→Z be a bijection with no monotone 444-term arithmetic progression, and fix a cut NNN such that the prefix f(0),…,f(N−1)f(0),\dots,f(N-1)f(0),…,f(N−1) is ε\varepsilonε-safe for some ε:N→{0,1}\varepsilon:\mathbb{N}\to\{0,1\}ε:N→{0,1} (i.e. the completion "prefix, then all remaining integers in the 222-adic order ≺ε\prec_\varepsilon≺ε​" has no monotone 444-AP; here x≺εyx\prec_\varepsilon yx≺ε​y iff the kkk-th two's-complement digit of xxx equals εk\varepsilon_kεk​, k=ν2(y−x)k=\nu_2(y-x)k=ν2​(y−x)). Suppose positions i<j<Ni<j<Ni<j<N carry the two extremes of the prefix (the minimum and the maximum, in either order), and let k0=ν2(f(j)−f(i))k_0=\nu_2(f(j)-f(i))k0​=ν2​(f(j)−f(i)). Then no element placed before the earlier extreme has the same valuation against it: for every a<ia<ia<i, ν2(f(i)−f(a))≠k0\nu_2(f(i)-f(a))\neq k_0ν2​(f(i)−f(a))=k0​ (equivalently f(a)≢f(j)(mod2k0+1)f(a)\not\equiv f(j)\pmod{2^{k_0+1}}f(a)≡f(j)(mod2k0​+1)).

Proof idea: the pairs (a,i)(a,i)(a,i) and (i,j)(i,j)(i,j) are both open at NNN (their continuations 2y−x2y-x2y−x, 3y−2x3y-2x3y−2x lie beyond the extremes, hence outside the prefix); by the digit-consistency criterion for open pairs, equal valuations kkk would force the kkk-th digits of f(i)f(i)f(i) and f(j)f(j)f(j) to agree, but they differ at k=ν2(f(j)−f(i))k=\nu_2(f(j)-f(i))k=ν2​(f(j)−f(i)). A necessary condition on every cut of a Ho-style chain with stage-dependent ε\varepsilonε for Erdős Problem 195; it does not decide the problem.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_defs
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem extremes_val_ne (f : ℕ ≃ ℤ) (hf : ¬ HasMonotoneAP f 4) (N : ℕ)
    (hε : ∃ ε : ℕ → Bool, Safe (epsLt ε) ((List.range N).map f)) (i j : ℕ)
    (hij : i < j) (hjN : j < N)
    (hext : (∀ t < N, f i ≤ f t ∧ f t ≤ f j) ∨ (∀ t < N, f j ≤ f t ∧ f t ≤ f i))
    (a : ℕ) (hai : a < i) :
    padicValInt 2 (f i - f a) ≠ padicValInt 2 (f j - f i) := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); side result found while working on this mission (Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung)

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