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Theorem 7.3: a countable union of classes with the uniform convergence property is nonuniformly learnable

Proved
UnderstandingML.nonuniform_of_countable_union_uc

by naimengye · Sep 24, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

nonuniform-learnabilitystructural-risk-minimizationuniform-convergence

Theorem 7.3. Let HHH be a hypothesis class that can be written as a countable union of hypothesis classes, H=⋃n∈NHnH = \bigcup_{n \in \mathbb{N}} H_nH=⋃n∈N​Hn​, where each HnH_nHn​ enjoys the uniform convergence property. Then HHH is nonuniformly learnable.

Formally: for H=⋃nHnH = \bigcup_n H_nH=⋃n​Hn​ nonempty with each HnH_nHn​ having the uniform convergence property, NonuniformLearnable loss H (general loss framework).

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_UnderstandingML_Nonuniform

open MeasureTheory
Formal statement
namespace UnderstandingML

/-- **Theorem 7.3** (p. 85). Let `H` be a hypothesis class that can be written as a countable
union of hypothesis classes, `H = ⋃ₙ Hₙ`, where each `Hₙ` enjoys the uniform convergence
property. Then `H` is nonuniformly learnable. (`H` nonempty, so that a learner with outputs in
`H` exists.) -/
theorem nonuniform_of_countable_union_uc {Z : Type*} [MeasurableSpace Z] {Hyp : Type*}
    (loss : Hyp → Z → ℝ) (Hn : ℕ → Set Hyp) (hne : (⋃ n, Hn n).Nonempty)
    (hUC : ∀ n, HasUniformConvergence loss (Hn n)) :
    NonuniformLearnable loss (⋃ n, Hn n) := by sorry

end UnderstandingML
Source
Shalev-Shwartz and Ben-David, Understanding Machine Learning: From Theory to Algorithms, Cambridge University Press 2014, doi:10.1017/CBO9781107298019, §7.1.1 p. 85, Theorem 7.3 (proved in §7.2 via Theorem 7.5)
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 25, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by naimengye · Sep 25, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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