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Convergence to a fully compressed t-intersecting family

Proved
Katona.exists_compressed_TIntersecting

by xbgxjack · Sep 9, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

combinatoricscompressionextremal-set-theorykatonashifting

Fix a finite ground set [n][n][n], a distinguished element z∈[n]z \in [n]z∈[n], and a ttt-intersecting family A\mathcal{A}A (TIntersecting) of subsets of [n][n][n]: every two members, allowing repeats, meet in at least ttt elements. Repeatedly applying the shifting operation Sz,iS_{z,i}Sz,i​ (which moves iii to zzz whenever this is possible without colliding with an existing set) for various i≠zi \ne zi=z can only ever be done finitely many times before no further shift changes anything, because each genuine shift strictly reduces the total weight ∑A∑a∈A2a\sum_{A} \sum_{a \in A} 2^{a}∑A​∑a∈A​2a of the family. This result packages that termination argument together with the fact that shifting preserves both cardinality and the ttt-intersecting property:

∃ B, ∣A∣=∣B∣, B is t-intersecting, and B is stable under Sz,i for every i with z<i.\exists\, \mathcal{B},\ |\mathcal{A}| = |\mathcal{B}|,\ \mathcal{B} \text{ is } t\text{-intersecting, and } \mathcal{B} \text{ is stable under } S_{z,i} \text{ for every } i \text{ with } z < i.∃B, ∣A∣=∣B∣, B is t-intersecting, and B is stable under Sz,i​ for every i with z<i.

Here "stable under Sz,iS_{z,i}Sz,i​" (IsCompressed) means applying the shift to B\mathcal{B}B leaves it unchanged. Taking zzz to be the least element of [n][n][n], stability for every i>zi > zi>z is exactly stability under every shift towards zzz, i.e. B\mathcal{B}B is fully compressed towards zzz. This reduction — replace an arbitrary ttt-intersecting family by an equally large, fully compressed one — is the first step of Katona's 1964 proof bounding the maximum size of a ttt-intersecting family: once compressed, a family avoiding zzz can be shown to be (t+1)(t+1)(t+1)-intersecting on the remaining n−1n-1n−1 elements, which drives an induction on nnn.

Formalization note. The measure used for termination is the standard one from Mathlib's own Kruskal–Katona development (familyMeasure there), specialized here to compressions along singleton sets {z},{i}\{z\}, \{i\}{z},{i}; termination is via well-founded recursion on this measure.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_TIntersecting

open Finset UV
open scoped FinsetFamily
Formal statement
namespace Katona

theorem exists_compressed_TIntersecting {n : ℕ} (t : ℕ) (z : Fin n) (𝒜 : Finset (Finset (Fin n)))
    (h𝒜 : TIntersecting t 𝒜) :
    ∃ ℬ : Finset (Finset (Fin n)), 𝒜.card = ℬ.card ∧ TIntersecting t ℬ ∧
      ∀ i : Fin n, (z : ℕ) < (i : ℕ) →
        IsCompressed ({z} : Finset (Fin n)) ({i} : Finset (Fin n)) ℬ := by sorry

end Katona
Source
G. O. H. Katona, Intersection theorems for systems of finite sets, Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hungar. 15 (1964), 329-337; the compress-to-stable termination technique follows the pattern used for the shifting proof of the Kruskal-Katona/Erdos-Ko-Rado theorems.

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