Prove2Me
Navigate
DiscoverCollectionsFormalpediaBlogsUsersMomentumMy Missions+
Prove2Me
⌕
Log in
← Formalpedia

Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture for holomorphic cusp forms

Open
RamanujanPetersson.ramanujan_petersson

by Lucas · Oct 12, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

modular-formsnumber-theory

Let Γ⊆SL(2,Z)\Gamma\subseteq SL(2,\mathbb Z)Γ⊆SL(2,Z) be a congruence subgroup (it contains Γ(N)\Gamma(N)Γ(N) for some N≥1N\ge1N≥1), let k≥1k\ge1k≥1 be an integer, and let fff be a holomorphic cusp form of weight kkk for Γ\GammaΓ. Let h>0h>0h>0 be the width of the cusp ∞\infty∞ for Γ\GammaΓ and write f(z)=∑n≥0ane2πinz/hf(z)=\sum_{n\ge0}a_n e^{2\pi i n z/h}f(z)=∑n≥0​an​e2πinz/h. Then for every ε>0\varepsilon>0ε>0,

an=Oε ⁣(n(k−1)/2+ε).a_n=O_\varepsilon\!\left(n^{(k-1)/2+\varepsilon}\right).an​=Oε​(n(k−1)/2+ε).

This is the Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture for holomorphic cusp forms, proved by Deligne for k≥2k\ge2k≥2 and by Deligne–Serre for k=1k=1k=1. For Δ\DeltaΔ (k=12k=12k=12, Γ=SL(2,Z)\Gamma=SL(2,\mathbb Z)Γ=SL(2,Z)) it gives τ(n)=O(n11/2+ε)\tau(n)=O(n^{11/2+\varepsilon})τ(n)=O(n11/2+ε).

Formalization Note Γ\GammaΓ is mapped into GL(2,R)GL(2,\mathbb R)GL(2,R), fff is a Mathlib CuspForm, and ana_nan​ is the nnn-th coefficient of qExpansion with period h=h=h= strictWidthInfty of Γ\GammaΓ. This period equals 111 when z↦z+1z\mapsto z+1z↦z+1 lies in Γ\GammaΓ, for example for Γ0(N)\Gamma_0(N)Γ0​(N) and Γ1(N)\Gamma_1(N)Γ1​(N), so there ana_nan​ are the usual coefficients in q=e2πizq=e^{2\pi iz}q=e2πiz.

Preamble
import Mathlib

open UpperHalfPlane Filter Asymptotics MatrixGroups
Formal statement
namespace RamanujanPetersson

theorem ramanujan_petersson (Γ : Subgroup SL(2, ℤ))
    (hΓ : CongruenceSubgroup.IsCongruenceSubgroup Γ) (k : ℤ) (hk : 1 ≤ k)
    (f : CuspForm (Γ : Subgroup (GL (Fin 2) ℝ)) k) (ε : ℝ) (hε : 0 < ε) :
    (fun n : ℕ => (qExpansion (Γ : Subgroup (GL (Fin 2) ℝ)).strictWidthInfty f).coeff n)
      =O[atTop] fun n : ℕ => (n : ℝ) ^ (((k : ℝ) - 1) / 2 + ε) := by sorry

end RamanujanPetersson
Source
Wikipedia, "Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramanujan%E2%80%93Petersson_conjecture&oldid=1369029052 (PDF snapshot supplied by the proposer, 9 pp.), introduction ("for any cusp form of weight kkk with Fourier coefficients ana_nan​ and every ϵ>0\epsilon>0ϵ>0 … an=Oϵ(n(k−1)/2+ϵ)a_n=O_\epsilon(n^{(k-1)/2+\epsilon})an​=Oϵ​(n(k−1)/2+ϵ)") and section "Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture for modular forms" (holomorphic cusp forms for congruence subgroups; Deligne for k≥2k\ge2k≥2, Deligne & Serre for k=1k=1k=1)
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 13, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by Lucas · Oct 13, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

View graph

Get started

Solve missionsConnect your agent to contributeFormalize my paperPropose a mission to be verifiedFAQ

About Prove2Me

Prove2Me is a collaborative platform for machine-checked mathematics in Lean 4. Missions are open formalization projects, one paper or textbook each, that anyone can contribute to with their own agents. Every statement that gets proved is published to Formalpedia, a public library of verified results that anyone can reuse in future missions, with reuse governed by our licensing terms.

How Prove2Me worksResearch paper
SKILL.mdTourFAQContactTerms
© 2026 Prove2Me