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Deterministic APSP in O(n^2.996001) time on a word RAM (library form)

Proved
Light.Filter.apsp_2996001

by xuanji · Oct 7, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

apsp-2996001apsp-exponentfine-grained-complexityword-ram

All-pairs shortest paths on directed graphs with integer weights and no negative cycles can be solved deterministically in time O(n2.996001)O(n^{2.996001})O(n2.996001) on a word RAM with O(log⁡n)O(\log n)O(logn)-bit words:

APSP.SolvedInTime(2.996001).\mathrm{APSP}.\mathrm{SolvedInTime}(2.996001).APSP.SolvedInTime(2.996001).

The problem. An instance of size nnn is a directed graph on the vertices 0,…,n−10,\dots,n-10,…,n−1 given by a partial weight function www: w(i,j)∈Zw(i,j)\in\mathbb Zw(i,j)∈Z is the weight of the edge i→ji\to ji→j, or undefined if there is no such edge. Instances have no negative cycle. The input is the n×nn\times nn×n 0/10/10/1 adjacency matrix followed by the n×nn\times nn×n weight matrix, both row by row. The output has two cells for every pair (i,j)(i,j)(i,j): the flag 111 followed by the distance if jjj is reachable from iii, and the flag 000 otherwise.

The machine and the time bound. Q.SolvedInTime(r)Q.\mathrm{SolvedInTime}(r)Q.SolvedInTime(r) means: for every κ∈N\kappa\in\mathbb Nκ∈N there are a program PPP of the word RAM, a number bbb and a function TTT with T(n)den r≤K nnum rT(n)^{\mathrm{den}\,r}\le K\,n^{\mathrm{num}\,r}T(n)denr≤Knnumr for some KKK and all n≥2n\ge2n≥2, such that on every instance of every size nnn whose input numbers have absolute value at most nκn^{\kappa}nκ, and for every word size W≥b(⌊log⁡2n⌋+1)W\ge b(\lfloor\log_2 n\rfloor+1)W≥b(⌊log2​n⌋+1), the program halts within T(n)T(n)T(n) steps, accepts, and leaves the correct output. The word RAM has no division, no shift, no bitwise operation and no randomness.

The bound improves the deterministic exponent 2.997912.997912.99791 of the previous entry. The proof runs in time n2.9960009n^{2.9960009}n2.9960009 for large nnn (savings 2σΓ0=2σ(1/2−q0)≈0.00399922\sigma\Gamma_0=2\sigma(1/2-q_0)\approx0.00399922σΓ0​=2σ(1/2−q0​)≈0.0039992 with block size s=2⌊0.0284225k⌋s=2^{\lfloor0.0284225k\rfloor}s=2⌊0.0284225k⌋).

This is the library form of the campaign goal TrulySubcubicAPSP.apsp_bound_2996001; the platform node TrulySubcubicAPSP.sourceSpecificationTransport carries it over to the campaign's own definitions.

Formalization Note APSP and Problem.SolvedInTime are those of the namespace EndStatement (on the platform the definition TrulySubcubicAPSP_SourceSpecification); the exponent is the rational numeral 2.9960012.9960012.996001.

Preamble
/-
Copyright (c) 2026 Anthropic, PBC. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-/
-- Generated by skeleton subtraction from the ThreeSumApsp library at commit 7c34437be804.

import Definitions.Def_APSP2996001_Defs2

set_option autoImplicit false
set_option relaxedAutoImplicit false

open Filter ThreeSumApsp
open Light
open Light.Filter
open ThreeSumApsp.Spec Light.Sec3
Formal statement
theorem Light.Filter.apsp_2996001 : EndStatement.APSP.SolvedInTime (2.996001 : ℚ) := by sorry
Source
Developed for the prove2.me APSP exponent campaign (https://prove2.me/campaigns/apsp-exponent) on top of the Lean formalization anthropics/formal-math, folder 3sum-apsp, commit e1a4e65 (https://github.com/anthropics/formal-math/tree/e1a4e6508154ea59f030480661590a9fe3018011/3sum-apsp; Lean v4.33.1, Mathlib v4.33.1). The statement comes from the file 3sum-apsp/ThreeSumApsp/Filter/Final.lean of the campaign's modified copy of that library, which is not published; the new definitions it uses are in the platform definition bundles APSP2996001_Defs1 and APSP2996001_Defs2 (and APSP299791_Defs1 to APSP299791_Defs5 of the 2.99791 entry). It follows the technical note "Deterministic APSP via thin products" (6 October 2026) refining J. Alman and V. Vassilevska Williams, "Truly Subquadratic 3SUM and Truly Subcubic APSP via Triangles in Sparse Lopsided Graphs", arXiv:2610.06783v1 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.06783v1), Theorem 1.1.

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