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Integral curves through interior points on a compact time interval persist for nearby initial points

Proved
AnosovPlugs.exists_integralCurveOn_nhds

by ebayuser · Oct 3, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

3-manifoldsanosov-flowsdynamical-systemshyperbolic-dynamics

Let MMM be a smooth 3-manifold with boundary (modelled on the closed half-space) and let XXX be a C¹ vector field on MMM. An integral curve of XXX on a set of times S⊆RS\subseteq\mathbb RS⊆R is a curve γ:R→M\gamma:\mathbb R\to Mγ:R→M whose derivative within SSS at every u∈Su\in Su∈S is X(γ(u))X(\gamma(u))X(γ(u)) (Mathlib's IsMIntegralCurveOn; at the endpoints of an interval the derivative is one-sided). We write [0,t][0,t][0,t] for the closed interval between 000 and ttt, in either order (Mathlib's uIcc 0 t). Let γ\gammaγ be an integral curve of XXX on [0,t][0,t][0,t] all of whose points γ(s)\gamma(s)γ(s), s∈[0,t]s\in[0,t]s∈[0,t], are interior points of MMM. Then every point yyy in some neighbourhood of γ(0)\gamma(0)γ(0) is the starting point of an integral curve of XXX on [0,t][0,t][0,t] through interior points: for all yyy near γ(0)\gamma(0)γ(0),

∃ γ′:R→M,γ′(0)=y,γ′ is an integral curve of X on [0,t],γ′(s) is an interior point of M (not on ∂M) for s∈[0,t].\exists\,\gamma':\mathbb R\to M,\qquad \gamma'(0)=y,\quad \gamma' \text{ is an integral curve of } X \text{ on } [0,t],\quad \gamma'(s) \text{ is an interior point of } M \text{ (not on } \partial M\text{) for } s\in[0,t].∃γ′:R→M,γ′(0)=y,γ′ is an integral curve of X on [0,t],γ′(s) is an interior point of M (not on ∂M) for s∈[0,t].

In words: orbits that stay in the interior of MMM for a compact span of time persist for nearby initial points. This is the continuous dependence of solutions of a C¹ ordinary differential equation on initial conditions (continuation plus the Gronwall estimate in charts), restricted to what the formal development needs. A general fact, not stated in the paper; it is one of the facts behind footnote 2 of Section 1 (p. 2 of arXiv v1: the differentiable structure on W is compatible with those of U and V by restriction) and behind the fourth and fifth sentences of the proof of Proposition 1.1 (Section 3.1 of arXiv v1, p. 14), which state without proof that Λ_Z contains Λ_X and Λ_Y (through the inclusions) and use, without comment, that Λ_X and Λ_Y are hyperbolic sets of Z. In the proof of the companion statement plugGluing_local_conjugacy it provides, for yyy near a point of ΛX\Lambda_XΛX​, an orbit of XXX that stays in the interior of UUU up to time ttt, so that the time-ttt map of the glued field ZZZ at iU(y)i_U(y)iU​(y) can be computed inside UUU.

Formalization Note No uniqueness is asserted and no Hausdorff or compactness hypothesis is assumed. Mathlib (at the pinned version) has short-time existence at interior points (exists_isMIntegralCurveAt_of_contMDiffAt) and, on boundaryless manifolds, global existence from a uniform existence time (exists_isMIntegralCurve_of_isMIntegralCurveOn); it has no continuous dependence on initial conditions, so existence on a prescribed compact time interval for nearby initial points is not available, which is why this statement is left open. C¹ is the mission's IsC1VectorField (the section x↦(x,X(x))x\mapsto(x,X(x))x↦(x,X(x)) of the tangent bundle is C¹). The conclusion is stated with Mathlib's ∀ᶠ y in 𝓝 (γ 0).

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_AnosovPlugs_Gluing

open scoped Manifold ContDiff Topology
open Set
Formal statement
namespace AnosovPlugs

theorem exists_integralCurveOn_nhds
    {M : Type} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace (EuclideanHalfSpace 3) M] [IsManifold I3 ∞ M]
    (X : (x : M) → TangentSpace I3 x) (hX : IsC1VectorField X) (γ : ℝ → M) (t : ℝ)
    (hγ : IsMIntegralCurveOn γ X (uIcc 0 t)) (hint : ∀ s ∈ uIcc 0 t, I3.IsInteriorPoint (γ s)) :
    ∀ᶠ y in 𝓝 (γ 0), ∃ γ' : ℝ → M, γ' 0 = y ∧ IsMIntegralCurveOn γ' X (uIcc 0 t) ∧
      ∀ s ∈ uIcc 0 t, I3.IsInteriorPoint (γ' s) := by sorry

end AnosovPlugs
Source
F. Béguin, C. Bonatti, B. Yu, *Building Anosov flows on 3-manifolds*, Geom. Topol. 21 (2017) 1837–1930, https://doi.org/10.2140/gt.2017.21.1837 (arXiv:1408.3951v1). A general fact, not stated in the paper; it is one of the facts behind footnote 2 of Section 1 (p. 2 of arXiv v1: the differentiable structure on W is compatible with those of U and V by restriction) and behind the fourth and fifth sentences of the proof of Proposition 1.1 (Section 3.1 of arXiv v1, p. 14), which state without proof that Λ_Z contains Λ_X and Λ_Y (through the inclusions) and use, without comment, that Λ_X and Λ_Y are hyperbolic sets of Z. Standard ODE theory (continuous dependence on initial conditions). Mathlib notions: IsMIntegralCurveOn, ModelWithCorners.IsInteriorPoint, Filter.Eventually; mission notion: IsC1VectorField.

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