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Homogeneous exhaustion of the forced conjugation plane of a candidate

Proved
Diaz.forced_plane_exhaustion

by carlok · Sep 8, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diaz-modulus-leannumber-theory

Nothing homogeneous distinguishes a candidate inside its own forced plane.

Let K⊆CK \subseteq \mathbb{C}K⊆C be a subfield, u≠0u \neq 0u=0 transcendental over KKK with uuˉ∈Ku \bar u \in Kuuˉ∈K (the algebraic shape of a Diaz candidate: ρ=uuˉ\rho = u\bar uρ=uuˉ lies in the base field). If c0,…,cd∈Kc_0, \ldots, c_d \in Kc0​,…,cd​∈K satisfy

∑i=0dci ui uˉ d−i=0,\sum_{i=0}^{d} c_i \, u^{i} \, \bar u^{\,d-i} = 0,i=0∑d​ci​uiuˉd−i=0,

then every cic_ici​ vanishes.

Why. Because uuˉ∈Ku\bar u \in Kuuˉ∈K and uuu is transcendental over KKK, the ratio u/uˉ=u2/ρu/\bar u = u^2/\rhou/uˉ=u2/ρ is again transcendental over KKK: if it were algebraic then u2u^2u2 would be, and hence uuu. The binary-form lemma then applies.

Role. This is the coordinate form of the manuscript's Homogeneous exhaustion of the forced plane: a homogeneous polynomial over the base field vanishing at a tuple xj=aju+bjuˉx_j = a_j u + b_j \bar uxj​=aj​u+bj​uˉ of points of Λu=Qu+Quˉ\Lambda_u = \mathbb{Q}u + \mathbb{Q}\bar uΛu​=Qu+Quˉ already vanishes identically on the corresponding Q\mathbb{Q}Q-rational plane. Nothing is gained by adding homogeneous coordinates drawn from the plane that conjugation forces on a candidate; the plane is exhausted. Together with the coordinate-invariant homogenization barrier this is why the missing non-logarithmic homogenizer 111 cannot be manufactured from inside the candidate's own data.

Source: Carlo Perassi's private manuscript on Diaz's modulus conjecture, section The precise open boundary, proposition Homogeneous exhaustion of the forced plane. No novelty is claimed; the argument is elementary given the transcendence hypothesis.

Preamble
import Mathlib

open ComplexConjugate
Formal statement
theorem Diaz.forced_plane_exhaustion {K : Subfield ℂ} {u : ℂ} (hT : Transcendental K u)
    (hu0 : u ≠ 0) (hρ : u * conj u ∈ K) (d : ℕ) (c : ℕ → ℂ) (hc : ∀ i, c i ∈ K)
    (h : ∑ i ∈ Finset.range (d + 1), c i * u ^ i * (conj u) ^ (d - i) = 0) :
    ∀ i ∈ Finset.range (d + 1), c i = 0 := by sorry

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