Finite-dimensional injective immersion for a noncompact manifold
ProvedWhitneyEmbedding.finite_injective_immersionLet be a noncompact, Hausdorff, second-countable smooth manifold of dimension . Then there exists a finite integer and a smooth injective immersion . An immersion is a smooth map whose differential is injective at every point. The existence of a finite-dimensional injective immersion is the core step in the weak Whitney embedding theorem for noncompact manifolds, reducing the infinite-dimensional space of smooth functions to a finite-dimensional Euclidean space via generic linear combinations of a countable partition of unity.
Preamble
import Mathlib open Function Filter Module Set Topology open scoped Manifold ContDiff
Formal statement
theorem WhitneyEmbedding.finite_injective_immersion (n : ℕ)
{M : Type*} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace (EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin n)) M]
[IsManifold (𝓡 n) ∞ M] [T2Space M] [SecondCountableTopology M]
(hM : ¬ CompactSpace M) :
∃ (N : ℕ) (e : M → EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin N)),
ContMDiff (𝓡 n) (𝓡 N) ∞ e ∧ Injective e ∧
(∀ x, Injective (mfderiv (𝓡 n) (𝓡 N) e x)) := by sorrySource
Zuoqin Wang, Lecture 9: The Whitney Embedding Theorem, Theorem 2.1 and its proof, printed p.5, https://www.math.wustl.edu/~victor/classes/pmf/WhitEmb-Lec09.pdf