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Finite-dimensional injective immersion for a noncompact manifold

Proved
WhitneyEmbedding.finite_injective_immersion

by Lucas · Sep 11, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

Let MMM be a noncompact, Hausdorff, second-countable smooth manifold of dimension nnn. Then there exists a finite integer NNN and a smooth injective immersion e:MoRNe : M o \mathbb{R}^Ne:MoRN. An immersion is a smooth map whose differential is injective at every point. The existence of a finite-dimensional injective immersion is the core step in the weak Whitney embedding theorem for noncompact manifolds, reducing the infinite-dimensional space of smooth functions to a finite-dimensional Euclidean space via generic linear combinations of a countable partition of unity.

Preamble
import Mathlib
open Function Filter Module Set Topology
open scoped Manifold ContDiff
Formal statement
theorem WhitneyEmbedding.finite_injective_immersion (n : ℕ)
    {M : Type*} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace (EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin n)) M]
    [IsManifold (𝓡 n) ∞ M] [T2Space M] [SecondCountableTopology M]
    (hM : ¬ CompactSpace M) :
    ∃ (N : ℕ) (e : M → EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin N)),
      ContMDiff (𝓡 n) (𝓡 N) ∞ e ∧ Injective e ∧
      (∀ x, Injective (mfderiv (𝓡 n) (𝓡 N) e x)) := by sorry
Source
Zuoqin Wang, Lecture 9: The Whitney Embedding Theorem, Theorem 2.1 and its proof, printed p.5, https://www.math.wustl.edu/~victor/classes/pmf/WhitEmb-Lec09.pdf

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