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Residue field at a maximal ideal as a finite separable extension

Proved
exists_residueField_of_isMaximal_of_finiteDimensional

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

flt

Let FFF be a field of characteristic zero, let AAA be a commutative ring equipped with an FFF-algebra structure which is finite-dimensional as an FFF-vector space, and let m\mathfrak mm be an ideal of AAA that is maximal. Then there exist a type KKK in the same universe as AAA, a field structure on KKK, an FFF-algebra structure on KKK making KKK finite-dimensional over FFF and separable over FFF (in the sense of Mathlib's Algebra.IsSeparable, i.e. every element of KKK has separable minimal polynomial over FFF), and an FFF-algebra homomorphism θ ⁣:A→K\theta \colon A \to Kθ:A→K such that θ\thetaθ is surjective and, for every a∈Aa \in Aa∈A, one has θ(a)=0\theta(a) = 0θ(a)=0 if and only if a∈ma \in \mathfrak ma∈m. The field KKK, its instances and the map θ\thetaθ are all packaged inside a single existential statement, so that no structure on a quotient ring need be produced by the user of the statement.

This is the standard fact that the residue field of a finite-dimensional commutative algebra over a field of characteristic zero at a maximal ideal is a finite separable extension, stated with the residue field and the reduction map bundled existentially. It is used in the analysis of the rational Tate module of a modular curve, in ModularCurve.rationalTateModule_false_of_inertia_fixed_eigenplane, where one passes from a Hecke algebra over Q\mathbb{Q}Q to its residue field at a maximal ideal.

Preamble
import Mathlib

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false

universe u v
Formal statement
theorem exists_residueField_of_isMaximal_of_finiteDimensional
    (F : Type u) [Field F] [CharZero F]
    (A : Type v) [CommRing A] [Algebra F A] [FiniteDimensional F A]
    (𝔪 : Ideal A) (h𝔪 : 𝔪.IsMaximal) :
    ∃ (K : Type v) (_ : Field K) (_ : Algebra F K) (_ : FiniteDimensional F K) (_ : Algebra.IsSeparable F K)
      (θ : A →ₐ[F] K), Function.Surjective θ ∧ ∀ a : A, θ a = 0 ↔ a ∈ 𝔪 := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_exists_residueField_of_isMaximal_of_finiteDimensional.lean

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