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A linear Whitney–Hadamard operator, with smooth dependence on parameters

Proved
exists_linear_contDiff_hasCompactSupport_apply_sq_eq_of_even_of_odd

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

flt

Let PPP be a real normed space (a normed additive commutative group with a real normed space structure). The assertion is the existence of a single operator WWW on complex-valued functions of one real variable, W:(R→C)→(R→C)W : (\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{C}) \to (\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{C})W:(R→C)→(R→C), with three properties. First, WWW is linear on smooth compactly supported functions: for all f,g:R→Cf, g : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{C}f,g:R→C that are C∞C^\inftyC∞ with compact support and all a,b∈Ca, b \in \mathbb{C}a,b∈C, one has W(x↦af(x)+bg(x))=(x↦a (Wf)(x)+b (Wg)(x))W(x \mapsto a f(x) + b g(x)) = (x \mapsto a\,(Wf)(x) + b\,(Wg)(x))W(x↦af(x)+bg(x))=(x↦a(Wf)(x)+b(Wg)(x)) as functions. Secondly, for every C∞C^\inftyC∞ compactly supported fff, the function WfWfWf is again C∞C^\inftyC∞ with compact support, and: if fff is even, i.e. f(−x)=f(x)f(-x) = f(x)f(−x)=f(x) for all real xxx, then (Wf)(x2)=f(x)(Wf)(x^2) = f(x)(Wf)(x2)=f(x) for all real xxx; if fff is odd, i.e. f(−x)=−f(x)f(-x) = -f(x)f(−x)=−f(x) for all real xxx, then x⋅(Wf)(x2)=f(x)x \cdot (Wf)(x^2) = f(x)x⋅(Wf)(x2)=f(x) for all real xxx, the factor xxx being its image in C\mathbb{C}C. Thirdly, WWW acts well on families: for every C∞C^\inftyC∞ compactly supported H:R×P→CH : \mathbb{R} \times P \to \mathbb{C}H:R×P→C, the function (y,p)↦(W(x↦H(x,p)))(y)(y, p) \mapsto \bigl(W(x \mapsto H(x, p))\bigr)(y)(y,p)↦(W(x↦H(x,p)))(y) on R×P\mathbb{R} \times PR×P is C∞C^\inftyC∞ with compact support.

This packages Whitney's theorem on even smooth functions and the odd-function (Hadamard) variant into one operator that is simultaneously linear on test functions and compatible with smooth compactly supported families over a parameter space PPP. It is used in the analysis of archimedean weight characters for GL2(R)\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{R})GL2​(R), in AutomorphicForm.GL2Real.exists_linear_entrySlice_archWeightChar_one_splitTransform_eq and AutomorphicForm.GL2Real.exists_linear_entrySlice_archWeightChar_zero_splitTransform_eq, where even and odd slices of a test function must be rewritten as functions of x2x^2x2 with control of smoothness and supports in the remaining variables.

Preamble
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ContDiff.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.Complex.Basic

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false

set_option autoImplicit false
Formal statement
theorem exists_linear_contDiff_hasCompactSupport_apply_sq_eq_of_even_of_odd
    (P : Type) [NormedAddCommGroup P] [NormedSpace ℝ P] :
    ∃ W : (ℝ → ℂ) → (ℝ → ℂ),
      (∀ f g : ℝ → ℂ, ContDiff ℝ (⊤ : ℕ∞) f → HasCompactSupport f → ContDiff ℝ (⊤ : ℕ∞) g →
        HasCompactSupport g → ∀ a b : ℂ, W (fun x => a * f x + b * g x) = fun x => a * W f x + b * W g x) ∧
      (∀ f : ℝ → ℂ, ContDiff ℝ (⊤ : ℕ∞) f → HasCompactSupport f →
        ContDiff ℝ (⊤ : ℕ∞) (W f) ∧ HasCompactSupport (W f) ∧
        ((∀ x : ℝ, f (-x) = f x) → ∀ x : ℝ, W f (x ^ 2) = f x) ∧
        ((∀ x : ℝ, f (-x) = -f x) → ∀ x : ℝ, (x : ℂ) * W f (x ^ 2) = f x)) ∧
      ∀ H : ℝ × P → ℂ, ContDiff ℝ (⊤ : ℕ∞) H → HasCompactSupport H →
        ContDiff ℝ (⊤ : ℕ∞) (fun q : ℝ × P => W (fun x => H (x, q.2)) q.1) ∧
          HasCompactSupport (fun q : ℝ × P => W (fun x => H (x, q.2)) q.1) := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_exists_linear_contDiff_hasCompactSupport_apply_sq_eq_of_even_of_odd.lean

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