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A q-th root of unity close to 1 is trivial near V(p)

Proved
exists_sub_one_mem_span_and_mul_sub_one_eq_zero_of_pow_eq_one_of_sub_one_mem_span_pow

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

flt

Let ppp be a prime natural number, qqq a nonzero natural number, and TTT a commutative ring with the property that multiplication by ppp is injective on TTT, stated as: for every x∈Tx \in Tx∈T, (p:T)⋅x=0(p : T) \cdot x = 0(p:T)⋅x=0 implies x=0x = 0x=0. Suppose u∈Tu \in Tu∈T satisfies uq=1u^q = 1uq=1 and u−1u - 1u−1 lies in the principal ideal of TTT generated by (p:T)vp(q)+1(p : T)^{v_p(q)+1}(p:T)vp​(q)+1, where vp(q)v_p(q)vp​(q) is padicValNat p q. Then there exists a∈Ta \in Ta∈T with a−1a - 1a−1 in the principal ideal generated by (p:T)(p : T)(p:T) and a⋅(u−1)=0a \cdot (u - 1) = 0a⋅(u−1)=0. Thus uuu becomes equal to 111 after inverting an element congruent to 111 modulo ppp, i.e. on a distinguished open subset of Spec⁡T\operatorname{Spec} TSpecT containing the closed subscheme V(p)V(p)V(p). No Noetherian or finiteness hypothesis on TTT is imposed; the only hypothesis on TTT beyond commutativity is the absence of ppp-torsion.

This is an elementary commutative-algebra statement to the effect that a qqq-th root of unity which is ppp-adically congruent to 111 modulo pvp(q)+1p^{v_p(q)+1}pvp​(q)+1 in a ppp-torsion-free ring is trivial in a neighbourhood of the fibre at ppp; the exponent vp(q)+1v_p(q)+1vp​(q)+1 cannot be lowered, as u=−1u=-1u=−1 in T=ZT=\mathbf ZT=Z with p=q=2p=q=2p=q=2 shows. It is used in the analysis of the punctured group scheme μq\mu_qμq​ and its cohomology, being cited by AlgebraicGeometry.exists_shortExact_natCard_fppfCohomology_zero_dvd_of_injective_of_range_iff.

Preamble
import Mathlib

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false
Formal statement
theorem exists_sub_one_mem_span_and_mul_sub_one_eq_zero_of_pow_eq_one_of_sub_one_mem_span_pow
    (p : ℕ) (hp : p.Prime) (q : ℕ) (hq : q ≠ 0)
    (T : Type*) [CommRing T] (htf : ∀ x : T, (p : T) * x = 0 → x = 0)
    (u : T) (hu : u ^ q = 1)
    (hN : u - 1 ∈ Ideal.span {((p : T) ^ (padicValNat p q + 1))}) :
    ∃ a : T, a - 1 ∈ Ideal.span {(p : T)} ∧ a * (u - 1) = 0 := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_exists_sub_one_mem_span_and_mul_sub_one_eq_zero_of_pow_eq_one_of_sub_one_mem_span_pow.lean

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