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Multiplication by a loop of symmetric matrices is symmetric on L2(S1,R2n)L^2(S^1,\mathbb{R}^{2n})L2(S1,R2n)

Proved
AsymptoticOperator.inner_mul_symm

by Mazecto · Oct 10, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

asymptotic-operatorconley-zehnder-indexfourier-seriesunbounded-operator

Let S1=R/ZS^1=\mathbb R/\mathbb ZS1=R/Z with its Haar probability measure and let Ln2=L2(S1,R2n)L^2_n=L^2(S^1,\mathbb R^{2n})Ln2​=L2(S1,R2n) with inner product ⟨f,g⟩L2=∫S1⟨f(t),g(t)⟩ dt\langle f,g\rangle_{L^2}=\int_{S^1}\langle f(t),g(t)\rangle\,dt⟨f,g⟩L2​=∫S1​⟨f(t),g(t)⟩dt. For f∈Ln2f\in L^2_nf∈Ln2​ and k∈Zk\in\mathbb Zk∈Z let f^k=∫S1e−2πiktf(t) dt∈C2n\hat f_k=\int_{S^1}e^{-2\pi ikt}f(t)\,dt\in\mathbb C^{2n}f^​k​=∫S1​e−2πiktf(t)dt∈C2n be its kkk-th Fourier coefficient, computed componentwise after viewing the real entries of fff as complex numbers.

Let S:S1→R2n×2nS:S^1\to\mathbb R^{2n\times2n}S:S1→R2n×2n be continuous with S(t)T=S(t)S(t)^{\mathsf T}=S(t)S(t)T=S(t) for every ttt. Let f,g,m,m′∈Ln2f,g,m,m'\in L^2_nf,g,m,m′∈Ln2​ with m^k=(Sf)k∧\hat m_k=(Sf)^\wedge_km^k​=(Sf)k∧​ and m^k′=(Sg)k∧\hat m'_k=(Sg)^\wedge_km^k′​=(Sg)k∧​ for every k∈Zk\in\mathbb Zk∈Z, where (Sf)k∧=∫S1e−2πiktS(t)f(t) dt(Sf)^\wedge_k=\int_{S^1}e^{-2\pi ikt}S(t)f(t)\,dt(Sf)k∧​=∫S1​e−2πiktS(t)f(t)dt. Then

⟨m,g⟩L2=⟨f,m′⟩L2.\langle m,g\rangle_{L^2}=\langle f,m'\rangle_{L^2}.⟨m,g⟩L2​=⟨f,m′⟩L2​.

In other words, multiplication by a loop of symmetric matrices is a symmetric operator on L2(S1,R2n)L^2(S^1,\mathbb R^{2n})L2(S1,R2n). This is the zeroth-order part of the symmetry of the asymptotic operator AS=−J0∂t−SA_S=-J_0\partial_t-SAS​=−J0​∂t​−S.

Formalization note: L2 n, coeff, coeffMul and IsSymLoop come from the definition module AsymptoticOperator_Setting; coeff m k is m^k\hat m_km^k​, coeffMul S f k is (Sf)k∧(Sf)^\wedge_k(Sf)k∧​ (with S(t)S(t)S(t) applied to the complexified vector f(t)f(t)f(t)), and inner ℝ is the L2L^2L2 inner product.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_AsymptoticOperator_Setting
Formal statement
namespace AsymptoticOperator

open ConleyZehnder

/-- For a loop `S` of symmetric matrices, multiplication by `S` is symmetric on `L²(S¹, ℝ²ⁿ)`:
if `m, m' ∈ L²` have the Fourier coefficients of `S f` and `S g`, then
`⟨m, g⟩_{L²} = ⟨f, m'⟩_{L²}`. -/
theorem inner_mul_symm {n : ℕ} (S : C(UnitAddCircle, Mat n)) (hS : IsSymLoop S)
    (f g m m' : L2 n) (hm : ∀ k : ℤ, coeff m k = coeffMul S f k)
    (hm' : ∀ k : ℤ, coeff m' k = coeffMul S g k) :
    inner ℝ m g = inner ℝ f m' := by sorry

end AsymptoticOperator
Source
Wendl, Lectures on Symplectic Field Theory, arXiv:1612.01009, https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.01009, §3.2, equation (3.4), p. 55

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