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Interlocked obstruction at every level: a, a+d before; a+5d before a+4d; middle terms absent

Proved
Erdos195.interlocked_obstruction

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

A tree witness θ:N×Z→{0,1}\theta:\mathbb N\times\mathbb Z\to\{0,1\}θ:N×Z→{0,1} defines a strict total order ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​ on Z\mathbb ZZ (milestone framework); it satisfies Ho's identity (∗)(*)(∗): x≺x+r  ⟺  x+2r≺x+3rx\prec x+r \iff x+2r\prec x+3rx≺x+r⟺x+2r≺x+3r. A finite word QQQ of integers is θ\thetaθ-safe if the sequence "letters of QQQ in order, then all remaining integers in ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​-order" has no monotone 4-term arithmetic progression; positions are first occurrences. Theorem (interlocked obstruction, any level). Let TTT be a finite word, d≠0d\neq 0d=0, and suppose a,a+d,a+4d,a+5d∈Ta, a+d, a+4d, a+5d\in Ta,a+d,a+4d,a+5d∈T with aaa before a+da+da+d and a+5da+5da+5d before a+4da+4da+4d, while a+2d∉Ta+2d\notin Ta+2d∈/T and a+3d∉Ta+3d\notin Ta+3d∈/T. Then for every tree witness θ\thetaθ and every word RRR, the extension T RT\,RTR is not θ\thetaθ-safe.

Why: the pairs (a,a+d)(a,a+d)(a,a+d) and (a+5d,a+4d)(a+5d,a+4d)(a+5d,a+4d) have swapped third/fourth terms (a+2da+2da+2d, a+3da+3da+3d), so by the interlocked-pairs lemma neither term can ever be added. Then both pairs must be ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​-decreasing. But by (∗)(*)(∗) and totality exactly one of a≺a+da\prec a+da≺a+d and a+5d≺a+4da+5d\prec a+4da+5d≺a+4d holds, for any order with (∗)(*)(∗). This generalises the root-level obstruction (the case ddd odd) to every 2-adic level and every residue node. It is a structural no-go lemma for Erdős #195, not a construction or an impossibility result.

Formalization note: words are List ℤ, positions via List.idxOf, safety is Safe (treeLt θ).

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem interlocked_obstruction (T R : List ℤ) (a d : ℤ) (hd : d ≠ 0)
    (h0 : a ∈ T) (h1 : a + d ∈ T) (h4 : a + 4 * d ∈ T) (h5 : a + 5 * d ∈ T)
    (hi : T.idxOf a < T.idxOf (a + d)) (hi' : T.idxOf (a + 5 * d) < T.idxOf (a + 4 * d))
    (h2 : a + 2 * d ∉ T) (h3 : a + 3 * d ∉ T) :
    ¬ ∃ θ : ℕ → ℤ → Bool, Safe (treeLt θ) (T ++ R) := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); tree-witness framework; Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung (Oct 23 2026)

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