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An arbitrarily small compact core under a uniform future product bound

Proved
BianchiIX.exists_late_compact_core

by trppppp · Nov 6, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

bianchi-ix-era-statisticsdynamical-systems

For real variables p,s,a,b,cp,s,a,b,cp,s,a,b,c, set

K=a2+b2+c2−2(ab+bc+ca),S=p2+s2,C=S+K.K=a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca),\qquad S=p^2+s^2,\qquad C=S+K.K=a2+b2+c2−2(ab+bc+ca),S=p2+s2,C=S+K.

The shear components and wall rates are

P=Kp−2a2+b2+c2+ab−2bc+ac,P=Kp-2a^2+b^2+c^2+ab-2bc+ac,P=Kp−2a2+b2+c2+ab−2bc+ac, Q=Ks+3(−b2+c2+ab−ac),Q=Ks+\sqrt{3}(-b^2+c^2+ab-ac),Q=Ks+3​(−b2+c2+ab−ac), r1=−S+2p,r2=−S−p+3s,r3=−S−p−3s.r_1=-S+2p,\qquad r_2=-S-p+\sqrt{3}s,\qquad r_3=-S-p-\sqrt{3}s.r1​=−S+2p,r2​=−S−p+3​s,r3​=−S−p−3​s.

These functions define the normalized vacuum Bianchi IX vector field (P,Q,r1a,r2b,r3c)(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c)(P,Q,r1​a,r2​b,r3​c).

Let X=R5X=\mathbb R^5X=R5 with coordinates x=(p,s,a,b,c)x=(p,s,a,b,c)x=(p,s,a,b,c) and the sup norm. Write

F(x)=(P,Q,r1a,r2b,r3c),C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c),F(x)=(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c),\qquad \mathcal C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c),F(x)=(P,Q,r1​a,r2​b,r3​c),C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c),

and let W={(p,s,a,b,c)∈X:a>0, b>0, c>0}W=\{(p,s,a,b,c)\in X:a>0,\ b>0,\ c>0\}W={(p,s,a,b,c)∈X:a>0, b>0, c>0}.

Write N1(x)=aN_1(x)=aN1​(x)=a, N2(x)=bN_2(x)=bN2​(x)=b, and N3(x)=cN_3(x)=cN3​(x)=c. For initial data (x0,t0)(x_0,t_0)(x0​,t0​), let Imax⁡(x0,t0)I_{\max}(x_0,t_0)Imax​(x0​,t0​) be the union of all open convex domains of solutions with these initial data, and let αx0,t0\alpha_{x_0,t_0}αx0​,t0​​ be their compatible curve. A solution SSS has such a domain ISI_SIS​, a curve αS\alpha_SαS​, and αS(t0)=x0\alpha_S(t_0)=x_0αS​(t0​)=x0​.

Let L(X,X)\mathcal L(X,X)L(X,X) be the continuous linear operators on XXX and set

A(x)=dFx,F~(x,J)=(F(x),A(x)∘J).A(x)=dF_x,\qquad \widetilde F(x,J)=(F(x),A(x)\circ J).A(x)=dFx​,F(x,J)=(F(x),A(x)∘J).

For a fixed initial time t0t_0t0​, put

Dt0={(x,t):t∈Imax⁡(x,t0)},Φt0(x,t)=αx,t0(t),Jx,t0(t)=dxΦt0(x,t).\mathcal D_{t_0}=\{(x,t):t\in I_{\max}(x,t_0)\},\qquad \Phi_{t_0}(x,t)=\alpha_{x,t_0}(t),\qquad J_{x,t_0}(t)=d_x\Phi_{t_0}(x,t).Dt0​​={(x,t):t∈Imax​(x,t0​)},Φt0​​(x,t)=αx,t0​​(t),Jx,t0​​(t)=dx​Φt0​​(x,t).

Write λx=dCx:X→R\lambda_x=d\mathcal C_x:X\to\mathbb Rλx​=dCx​:X→R for the constraint differential.

For x=(p,s,a,b,c)x=(p,s,a,b,c)x=(p,s,a,b,c), define

H(x)=(abc)2/3,w(x)=abc(1+4H(x)),δ(x)=2K−3S,δˉ(x)=2(K+4H(x))1+4H(x),H(x)=(abc)^{2/3},\quad w(x)=abc(1+4H(x)),\quad \delta(x)=2K-3S,\quad \bar\delta(x)=\frac{2(K+4H(x))}{1+4H(x)},H(x)=(abc)2/3,w(x)=abc(1+4H(x)),δ(x)=2K−3S,δˉ(x)=1+4H(x)2(K+4H(x))​, V(x,t0,t)=w(x)det⁡Jx,t0(t)w(αx,t0(t)).V(x,t_0,t)=\frac{w(x)\det J_{x,t_0}(t)}{w(\alpha_{x,t_0}(t))}.V(x,t0​,t)=w(αx,t0​​(t))w(x)detJx,t0​​(t)​.

Write [L][L][L] for the matrix of a continuous linear operator L:X→XL:X\to XL:X→X in the standard basis. Set Ω(v0,…,v4)=det⁡(v0,…,v4)\Omega(v_0,\ldots,v_4)=\det(v_0,\ldots,v_4)Ω(v0​,…,v4​)=det(v0​,…,v4​),

ωx(v0,…,v3)=Ω(x/2,v0,…,v3)w(x),φx(v0,v1,v2)=ωx(F(x),v0,v1,v2).\omega_x(v_0,\ldots,v_3)=\frac{\Omega(x/2,v_0,\ldots,v_3)}{w(x)},\qquad \varphi_x(v_0,v_1,v_2)=\omega_x(F(x),v_0,v_1,v_2).ωx​(v0​,…,v3​)=w(x)Ω(x/2,v0​,…,v3​)​,φx​(v0​,v1​,v2​)=ωx​(F(x),v0​,v1​,v2​).

A normalized symmetry is a continuous linear equivalence L:X→XL:X\to XL:X→X satisfying

C(Lx)=C(x),Lx∈W ⟺ x∈W,F(Lx)=LF(x),w(Lx)=w(x),det⁡L=1.\mathcal C(Lx)=\mathcal C(x),\quad Lx\in W\ \Longleftrightarrow\ x\in W, \quad F(Lx)=LF(x),\quad w(Lx)=w(x),\quad\det L=1.C(Lx)=C(x),Lx∈W ⟺ x∈W,F(Lx)=LF(x),w(Lx)=w(x),detL=1.

These symmetries include the identity, composition, inverse, and the two maps

R(p,s,a,b,c)=((−p+3s)/2,(−3p−s)/2,b,c,a),S0(p,s,a,b,c)=(p,−s,a,c,b).R(p,s,a,b,c)=((-p+\sqrt3s)/2,(-\sqrt3p-s)/2,b,c,a),\qquad S_0(p,s,a,b,c)=(p,-s,a,c,b).R(p,s,a,b,c)=((−p+3​s)/2,(−3​p−s)/2,b,c,a),S0​(p,s,a,b,c)=(p,−s,a,c,b).

Transforming a solution replaces its curve α\alphaα by LαL\alphaLα and keeps its time domain.

Write Φts(x)=αx,s(t)\Phi^s_t(x)=\alpha_{x,s}(t)Φts​(x)=αx,s​(t), with domain I(x,s)I(x,s)I(x,s), and X={x:C(x)=1, Ni(x)>0 (i=1,2,3)}\mathcal X=\{x:\mathcal C(x)=1,\ N_i(x)>0\ (i=1,2,3)\}X={x:C(x)=1, Ni​(x)>0 (i=1,2,3)}. For y=(v,l,r)∈R3y=(v,l,r)\in\mathbb R^3y=(v,l,r)∈R3 and a wall height hhh, put

b=e−l,c=e−r,d=1−v2−K(h,b,c),Uh={y:d>0},ch(y)=(−d,v,h,b,c).b=e^{-l},\quad c=e^{-r},\quad d=1-v^2-K(h,b,c),\quad U_h=\{y:d>0\},\quad c_h(y)=(-\sqrt d,v,h,b,c).b=e−l,c=e−r,d=1−v2−K(h,b,c),Uh​={y:d>0},ch​(y)=(−d​,v,h,b,c).

For a normalized axis symmetry AAA, the chart is cA,h=A−1chc_{A,h}=A^{-1}c_hcA,h​=A−1ch​, with coordinates πA(x)=((Ax)1,−log⁡(Ax)3,−log⁡(Ax)4)\pi_A(x)=((Ax)_1,-\log (Ax)_3,-\log (Ax)_4)πA​(x)=((Ax)1​,−log(Ax)3​,−log(Ax)4​). At p=−dp=-\sqrt dp=−d​ its flux density and measure are

ρh(y)=p2+v2−2p2∣p∣(1+4(hbc)2/3),dμh=1Uhρh+ dy.\rho_h(y)=\frac{p^2+v^2-2p}{2|p|(1+4(hbc)^{2/3})}, \qquad d\mu_h={\bf1}_{U_h}\rho_h^+\,dy.ρh​(y)=2∣p∣(1+4(hbc)2/3)p2+v2−2p​,dμh​=1Uh​​ρh+​dy.

Write φ\varphiφ for the signed section flux and δˉ\bar\deltaδˉ for the corrected divergence. The three primary frames interchange axis zero with the chosen dominant axis.

Write xt=Φt0(x)x_t=\Phi^0_t(x)xt​=Φt0​(x), dT(x)=min⁡i∣x−Ti∣2d_T(x)=\min_i|x-T_i|_2dT​(x)=mini​∣x−Ti​∣2​ for the distance to the three Taub points, and Vϵ(x)V_\epsilon(x)Vϵ​(x) for dT(xt)≥ϵd_T(x_t)\ge\epsilondT​(xt​)≥ϵ at every existing t≥0t\ge0t≥0. Write DΔ(x)D_\Delta(x)DΔ​(x) if 4NiNj≤Δ24N_iN_j\le\Delta^24Ni​Nj​≤Δ2 for all distinct walls, and uiu_iui​ for their logarithmic rates: N˙i=uiNi\dot N_i=u_iN_iN˙i​=ui​Ni​. In the primary frame put rT2=s2+(b−c)2r_T^2=s^2+(b-c)^2rT2​=s2+(b−c)2.

For a projective state put r(y)=(y0−1)2+y22r(y)=\sqrt{(y_0-1)^2+y_2^2}r(y)=(y0​−1)2+y22​​. The reference entrance is e(k,v)=(1+k2−v2,0,v,0)e(k,v)=(1+\sqrt{k^2-v^2},0,v,0)e(k,v)=(1+k2−v2​,0,v,0); f(K)=3/(4+(1+K)2)f(K)=\sqrt3/(4+(1+K)^2)f(K)=3​/(4+(1+K)2). Write g(x)=(Πx)2g(x)=(\Pi x)_2g(x)=(Πx)2​ for the active wall, Ξ\XiΞ for the inverse projective chart, and E(x)E(x)E(x) for the first entrance data (return time, projective endpoint, normalized endpoint, radius). For core coordinates YYY write x(Y)=Ξ(e+(Y))x(Y)=\Xi(e_+(Y))x(Y)=Ξ(e+​(Y)), b(Y)=Y1+Y2b(Y)=Y_1+Y_2b(Y)=Y1​+Y2​, and let KN,γK_{N,\gamma}KN,γ​ be the range 2+2γ≤Y0≤2N2+2\gamma\le Y_0\le2N2+2γ≤Y0​≤2N, γ≤Y0/2−⌊Y0/2⌋≤1−γ\gamma\le Y_0/2-\lfloor Y_0/2\rfloor\le1-\gammaγ≤Y0​/2−⌊Y0​/2⌋≤1−γ.

A compact entrance of budget BBB at TTT means T∈I(x,0)T\in I(x,0)T∈I(x,0) and QxT=x(Y)Qx_T=x(Y)QxT​=x(Y) for an axis frame QQQ, with Y∈KN,γY\in K_{N,\gamma}Y∈KN,γ​, Y1,Y2>0Y_1,Y_2>0Y1​,Y2​>0, b(Y)≤Bb(Y)\le Bb(Y)≤B, Vϵ(x(Y))V_\epsilon(x(Y))Vϵ​(x(Y)), and Dgx(Y)F(x(Y))>0Dg_{x(Y)}F(x(Y))>0Dgx(Y)​F(x(Y))>0 for the normalized vector field FFF.

For every ϵ>0\epsilon>0ϵ>0 there are N∈NN\in\mathbb NN∈N, 0<γ<1/40<\gamma<1/40<γ<1/4 such that for each B>0B>0B>0 some Δ0>0\Delta_0>0Δ0​>0 suffices: if 0≤Δ≤Δ00\le\Delta\le\Delta_00≤Δ≤Δ0​, x∈Xx\in\mathcal Xx∈X, Vϵ(x)V_\epsilon(x)Vϵ​(x) and DΔ(xu)D_\Delta(x_u)DΔ​(xu​) for all u≥0u\ge0u≥0, then there is a compact entrance of budget BBB at some T>0T>0T>0.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_Normalized
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Algebra_Projective
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Algebra_CoreAngle
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_ProjectiveState
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_ProjectiveRegularity
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_MaximalFlow
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_GeometricExceptionData
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_CoreAngle
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_AxisSymmetry
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_AxisAndOrbitData
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_CoreEntryDifferential
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Pow
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Mul
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Add
import Mathlib.Analysis.Real.Sqrt
import Mathlib.Tactic.Linarith
import Mathlib.Tactic.Ring
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ContDiff.Operations
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Prod
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.MeanValue
import Mathlib.Data.Fin.VecNotation
import Mathlib.Tactic.FinCases
import Mathlib.Tactic.FunProp
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Deriv
import Mathlib.Tactic.FieldSimp
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Integrals.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.ODE.ExistUnique
import Mathlib.Analysis.Normed.Module.FiniteDimension
import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Determinant
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Partial
import Mathlib.Topology.Instances.Matrix
import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.Trace
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Analytic
import Mathlib.Topology.Algebra.Module.Determinant
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Pi
import Mathlib.Data.Real.Basic
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.IntermediateValue
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Symmetric
import Mathlib.Tactic.NormNum
import Mathlib.Tactic.Module
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Arsinh
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Sqrt
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Inv
import Mathlib.Tactic.LinearCombination
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Arcosh
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.FundThmCalculus
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.InverseFunctionTheorem.Deriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.MeanValue
import Mathlib.Data.Matrix.Mul
import Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Fin
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ImplicitContDiff
import Mathlib.Analysis.ODE.Gronwall
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Trigonometric.ArctanDeriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Trigonometric.DerivHyp
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Log.Basic
import Mathlib.Topology.Instances.Real.Lemmas
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.DistLEIntegral
import Mathlib.Tactic.GCongr
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Slope
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.OrderClosed
import Mathlib.Analysis.InnerProductSpace.PiL2
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.Compact
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ParametricIntervalIntegral
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.DominatedConvergence
import Mathlib.Tactic.Positivity
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.IntegrationByParts
import Mathlib.Topology.MetricSpace.Thickening
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Log.Deriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.ExpDeriv
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.ProjIcc
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecificLimits.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.Normed.Operator.Basic
import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.Notation
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ContDiff.Deriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Continuity
import Mathlib.Topology.MetricSpace.Cauchy
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ContDiff.Comp
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Comp
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.UniformLimitsDeriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.InverseFunctionTheorem.ContDiff
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.ImproperIntegrals
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ParametricIntegral
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.Bochner.ContinuousLinearMap
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Real
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Comp
import Mathlib.Algebra.Order.Floor.Ring
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Mul
import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.ToLin
import Mathlib.Data.List.Induction
import Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Measure.Lebesgue.Basic
import Mathlib.Algebra.Order.Floor.Semiring
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Constructions.BorelSpace.Metrizable
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Constructions.BorelSpace.Basic
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Function.Floor

noncomputable section
open BianchiIX
open Set

Formal statement
theorem BianchiIX.exists_late_compact_core {ε : ℝ} (hε : 0 < ε) :
    ∃ N : ℕ, ∃ γ > (0 : ℝ), γ < 1 / 4 ∧ ∀ B : ℝ, 0 < B →
      ∃ Δ₀ > (0 : ℝ), ∀ Δ ∈ Icc 0 Δ₀,
        ∀ x : NormalizedState, stateConstraint x = 1 → positiveWalls x →
          normalizedTaubAvoidance ε x →
          (∀ u ≥ (0 : ℝ), normalizedWallProductsBound Δ (normalizedMaxCurve x 0 u)) →
          ∃ T > (0 : ℝ), ∃ a : Fin 6, ∃ Y : CoreAngleState,
            T ∈ normalizedMaxDomain x 0 ∧
            fromProjectiveState (coreRadiusEntry Y) = (axisFrame a).map (normalizedMaxCurve x 0 T) ∧
            Y ∈ compactEraPhase N γ ∧ 0 < Y 1 ∧ 0 < Y 2 ∧ Y 1 + Y 2 ≤ B ∧
            normalizedTaubAvoidance ε (fromProjectiveState (coreRadiusEntry Y)) ∧
            0 < fderiv ℝ projectiveActiveWall (fromProjectiveState (coreRadiusEntry Y))
              (normalizedField (fromProjectiveState (coreRadiusEntry Y))) := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/l46430640-del/ERA-STATISTICS-FORMAL/blob/d74c241819f896ab8d050b21ace80c8e90eabd9e/BianchiIX/Dynamics/LateCompactCore.lean#L11-L80

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