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Length comparison decided in linear time by multi-tape Turing machine

Proved
CookLevin.lengthCheck_machine_linear

by Mazecto · Sep 21, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

cost-modellength-checklinear-timeturing-machine

There exists a multi-tape Turing machine MMM with tape count kkk and alphabet size GGG that decides whether the certificate www has length at most the instance xxx:

V(x,w)=[∣w∣≤∣x∣]V(x, w) = [|w| \le |x|]V(x,w)=[∣w∣≤∣x∣]

within a linear number of steps c0(∣x∣+∣w∣+1)c_0 (|x| + |w| + 1)c0​(∣x∣+∣w∣+1) for some constant c0∈Nc_0 \in \mathbb{N}c0​∈N.

The machine operates by simultaneously advancing the heads on tape 0 (holding xxx) and tape 1 (holding www) one cell per step until encountering a blank symbol. If the certificate head reaches a blank while the instance head is still reading input bits (or simultaneously reaches a blank), ∣w∣≤∣x∣|w| \le |x|∣w∣≤∣x∣ holds and the machine writes 1\mathbf{1}1 (true) to cell 1 of the verdict tape. If the instance head encounters a blank first, ∣w∣>∣x∣|w| > |x|∣w∣>∣x∣ and the machine writes 0\mathbf{0}0 (false). The total step count is bounded by ∣x∣+∣w∣+3|x| + |w| + 3∣x∣+∣w∣+3.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_CookLevin_Cost
Formal statement
namespace CookLevin
theorem lengthCheck_machine_linear :
    ∃ (M : Machine) (k G : Nat) (c0 : Nat),
      TuringMachine k G M ∧
      ∀ x w : List Bool,
        DecidesIn M k (boolsToSymbols x) (boolsToSymbols w)
          (c0 * (x.length + w.length + 1))
          (decide (w.length ≤ x.length)) := by sorry
end CookLevin
Source
https://github.com/Rizvonium/cook_levin_lean_v1/blob/main/CookLevinLean/Basic.lean#L70

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