Every periodic orbit on a star-shaped level is a finite cover of a prime periodic orbit with the same trajectory
ProvedHryniewiczCriterion.exists_prime_periodicOrbit_coverdynamical-systemsgeometry-topologysymplectic-geometry
Let be a strictly star-shaped level and a periodic orbit of on . Then has a least positive period , and for some integer . In other words, is a prime periodic orbit and is its -fold cover.
Proof idea. The periods of form an additive subgroup containing . If were dense, continuity would make constant, so . But on , because there. So is cyclic with . A return with would make a period, by uniqueness of solutions of , which contradicts minimality.
Preamble
import Definitions.Def_HryniewiczCriterion_GlobalSection import Definitions.Def_HryniewiczCriterion_SelfLinking open HryniewiczCriterion
Formal statement
theorem HryniewiczCriterion.exists_prime_periodicOrbit_cover (H : R4 → ℝ) (hS : IsStrictlyStarShapedLevel H) (Q : PeriodicOrbit H) :
∃ Q₀ : PeriodicOrbit H, Q₀.IsPrime ∧ Q₀.x = Q.x ∧ ∃ k : ℕ, 0 < k ∧ Q.T = k * Q₀.T := by sorrySource
Standard (periods of a non-constant continuous function form a discrete subgroup of ); used implicitly in U. Hryniewicz, Systems of global surfaces of section for dynamically convex Reeb flows on the 3-sphere, J. Symplectic Geom. 12 (2014) 791-862, arXiv:1105.2077, §1 (prime vs. multiply covered orbits).