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Kelmans Theorem 3.1: (z1)⇔(z8)(z1) \Leftrightarrow (z8)(z1)⇔(z8)

Proved
CubicP3Partition.kelmans_z1_iff_z8

by hao jia · Sep 7, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

combinatoricscubic-graphsgraph-theoryp3-factor

For finite simple cubic 3-connected graphs whose order is divisible by six, the following two universal claims are equivalent:

  1. every such graph has a P3P_3P3​-factor;
  2. after deleting the vertices of any specified three-vertex path from any such graph, the remaining induced graph has a P3P_3P3​-factor.
(z1)⟺(z8).(z1)\quad\Longleftrightarrow\quad(z8).(z1)⟺(z8).

This is the (z1)(z1)(z1)–(z8)(z8)(z8) equivalence contained in Kelmans's larger list of equivalent claims.

Formalization Note Both sides quantify over ordinary small finite vertex types and use the mission's explicit noninduced path-factor and vertex-deletion models.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_cubic_p3_partition_models
Formal statement
namespace CubicP3Partition

/-- The equivalence between claims (z1) and (z8) from Kelmans's Theorem 3.1. -/
theorem kelmans_z1_iff_z8 : ClaimZ1 ↔ ClaimZ8 := by sorry

end CubicP3Partition
Source
A. Kelmans, Packing 3-vertex Paths In Cubic 3-connected Graphs, https://arxiv.org/abs/0910.2766v2, pp. 7–8, Theorem 3.1, claims (z1) and (z8).
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What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · gpt-5.6-luna

令 A(W,G)A(W,G)A(W,G) 表示以下完整前提:WWW 是 Type 中的一个小类型并带有 Fintype W 实例,GGG 是定义在 WWW 上的简单图,每个 v∈Wv∈Wv∈W 的 GGG 邻居数恰为 333,4≤Fintype.cardW4≤Fintype.card W4≤Fintype.cardW,对每个有限子集 S⊆WS⊆WS⊆W 若 S.card≤2S.card≤2S.card≤2 则从满足 v∉Sv∉Sv∈/S 的 subtype 上诱导出的 GGG 图连通,并且 Fintype.cardWFintype.card WFintype.cardW 除以 666 的自然数余数为 000;令 P(W,G)P(W,G)P(W,G) 表示存在自然数 bbb 和双射 Fin b×Fin 3≃WFin\,b×Fin\,3≃WFinb×Fin3≃W,且对每个 i∈Fin bi∈Fin\,bi∈Finb,位置 000—111 和位置 111—222 的两条边都在 GGG 中;令 Q(W,G,L)Q(W,G,L)Q(W,G,L) 表示对一个指定的三元路径 LLL(三个顶点两两不同,且 left—center、center—right 两条边在 GGG 中),存在自然数 bbb 和双射 Fin b×Fin 3≃{v∈W∣v≠L.left∧v≠L.center∧v≠L.right}Fin\,b×Fin\,3≃\{v∈W ∣ v≠L.left ∧ v≠L.center ∧ v≠L.right\}Finb×Fin3≃{v∈W∣v=L.left∧v=L.center∧v=L.right},并且这些位置的两类相邻对在 GGG 的该剩余顶点诱导图中相邻。定理声明以下两个全称命题等价:对每个这样的 WWW、其有限性实例和每个 GGG,A(W,G)A(W,G)A(W,G) 蕴含 P(W,G)P(W,G)P(W,G);当且仅当对每个这样的 WWW、其有限性实例和每个 GGG,A(W,G)A(W,G)A(W,G) 蕴含对每个指定的 L:P3Path GL:P3Path\,GL:P3PathG 都有 Q(W,G,L)Q(W,G,L)Q(W,G,L)。右侧的内层全称在不存在指定三元路径时为空真;两个外层命题的量化范围都包括所有符合条件的小类型、有限性实例和简单图。

Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 7, 2026

  • Endorsed by hao jia · Sep 7, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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