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Moment preservation along the Laurent flow

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OAI.FreeGroupFactorMain.actual_laurent_flow_moments

by wurtle · Nov 4, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

free-group-factorsoai-math

Throughout, L(G)L(G)L(G) is the group von Neumann algebra of a discrete group GGG acting on ℓ2(G)\ell^2(G)ℓ2(G), with canonical trace τ(x)=⟨xδe,δe⟩\tau(x)=\langle x\delta_e,\delta_e\rangleτ(x)=⟨xδe​,δe​⟩, left-regular unitaries λ(g)\lambda(g)λ(g), and ∥x∥2=∥xδe∥ℓ2\|x\|_2=\|x\delta_e\|_{\ell^2}∥x∥2​=∥xδe​∥ℓ2​. Let ι\iotaι be a finite type and Γ=F(ι⊔{∗})\Gamma=\mathbb F(\iota\sqcup\{*\})Γ=F(ι⊔{∗}) the free group on ι\iotaι and one extra generator ∗*∗; write c=λ(∗)c=\lambda(*)c=λ(∗) in L(Γ)L(\Gamma)L(Γ). Let l:Z→Cl:\mathbb Z\to\mathbb Cl:Z→C be finitely supported with S=∑kl(k)ckS=\sum_k l(k)c^kS=∑k​l(k)ck self-adjoint, and let hjh_jhj​ (j∈ιj\in\iotaj∈ι) be finitely supported real functions on F(ι)\mathbb F(\iota)F(ι). The flow of the paper is the differential equation X˙j=i(∑ghj(g)XgSXg∗)Xj\dot X_j=i\Bigl(\sum_g h_j(g)X_gSX_g^*\Bigr)X_jX˙j​=i(∑g​hj​(g)Xg​SXg∗​)Xj​, where XgX_gXg​ is the evaluation of the word ggg in the tuple XXX. The flow has a solution X:R→U(L(Γ))ιX:\mathbb R\to U(L(\Gamma))^\iotaX:R→U(L(Γ))ι with Xj(0)=λ(j)X_j(0)=\lambda(j)Xj​(0)=λ(j) such that the tuple (X(t),c)(X(t),c)(X(t),c) has the same moments as the generators: for all t∈Rt\in\mathbb Rt∈R and g∈Γg\in\Gammag∈Γ,

τ((X(t),c)g)={1,g=e,0,g≠e.\tau\bigl((X(t),c)_g\bigr)=\begin{cases}1,&g=e,\\0,&g\ne e.\end{cases}τ((X(t),c)g​)={1,0,​g=e,g=e.​

This is the moment invariance of the flow (Lemma 3.4 of the paper) in the Laurent-polynomial setting.

Formalization Note The statement is verbatim from OpenAI's Lean development, with the listed Definitions imported in place of the upstream modules; the definitions are supporting code for this statement.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_FreeGroupFactorProof18

namespace OAI

noncomputable section

universe uA uG uι

open Set Metric Filter
open scoped NNReal Topology BigOperators ContDiff

namespace FreeGroupFactorMain

end FreeGroupFactorMain

namespace FreeGroupFactorMain.UnitaryEvaluation
open scoped ContDiff
variable {A : Type uA} [CStarAlgebra A] {ι : Type uι}

end FreeGroupFactorMain.UnitaryEvaluation

namespace FreeGroupFactorMain
open scoped ContDiff

 

Formal statement
theorem actual_laurent_flow_moments {ι : Type uι} [Fintype ι] [DecidableEq ι]
    (h : ι → FreeGroup ι →₀ ℝ) (l : ℤ →₀ ℂ)
    (hS : IsSelfAdjoint (UnitaryEvaluation.laurentValue
      (generatorUnitary (none : Option ι)) l)) :
    ∃ (X : ℝ → ι → groupVonNeumann (FreeGroup (Option ι)))
      (hU : ∀ t j, X t j ∈ unitary (groupVonNeumann (FreeGroup (Option ι)))),
      X 0 = (fun j => groupUnitary (FreeGroup.of (some j))) ∧
      (∀ t, HasDerivAt X (PolynomialFlow.field
        (UnitaryEvaluation.laurentValue (generatorUnitary (none : Option ι)) l) h (X t)) t) ∧
      ∀ t (g : FreeGroup (Option ι)),
        canonicalTrace (UnitaryEvaluation.wordHom
          (UnitaryEvaluation.extendUnitary (fun j => ⟨X t j, hU t j⟩)
            (generatorUnitary none)) g) = if g = 1 then 1 else 0 := by
  sorry

end FreeGroupFactorMain
end
end OAI
Source
OpenAI, An isomorphism of the free group factors, September 23, 2026, https://github.com/openai/math (paper: preprints/An-isomorphism-of-the-free-group-factors-September-23-2026/An-isomorphism-of-the-free-group-factors-September-23-2026.pdf; Lean: lean/OAI/Analysis/FreeGroupFactor and lean/OAI/Analysis/InterpolatedFactors, Apache License 2.0); Lean declaration `OAI.FreeGroupFactorMain.actual_laurent_flow_moments`, https://github.com/openai/math/blob/adc7f1241b42e322a6451854ab7e4b4c146bf78a/lean/OAI/Analysis/FreeGroupFactor/MomentFlow.lean#L203

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